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Finnish

When managing digital files, databases, and archives, you often need to talk about whether something can be accessed, read, or found. In Finnish, this is expressed using a specific participle form to describe a state of "availability" or "detectability".

### Expressing Availability (-tavissa / -tavilla)

To say that something "can be done", Finnish uses the **passive present participle** (which typically ends in **-tava** or **-tävä**) and puts it into either the plural inessive (**-tavissa / -tävissä**) or plural adessive (**-tavilla / -tävillä**) case.

These forms are combined with the verb **olla** (to be).

| Verb | Passive Participle | State of Availability | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| lukea (to read) | luettava | luettavissa | readable, can be read |
| saada (to get) | saatava | saatavilla | available, accessible |

*Note: While most verbs describing detectability use the inessive (**-tavissa**), the verb **saada** conventionally uses the adessive (**-tavilla**) to mean "available".*

Let's see this in action with a digital archive (**digitaalinen arkisto**):

{{item:956399}}

{{item:956400}}

### Finding and Seeing Data

Two other very common verbs that use the **-tavissa / -tävissä** structure are **löytää** (to find) and **nähdä** (to see).

- **löytää** -> **löydettävä** -> **löydettävissä** (findable, can be found)
- **nähdä** -> **nähtävä** -> **nähtävissä** (visible, can be seen)

When searching for a database (**tietokanta**), you might need to use a keyword (**hakusana**) or a digital search engine (**hakukone**). A system (**järjestelmä**) can then retrieve the data.

{{item:956403}}

{{item:956405}}

{{item:956407}}

### Backups and Access Rights

IT systems often rely on a server (**palvelin**) to host a backup (**varmuuskopio**). You can check if the backup is still visible (**nähtävissä**).

{{item:956410}}

To interact with secure documents (**dokumentti**) in a system, you will often need an access right (**käyttöoikeus**). Without it, the files simply won't be available (**saatavilla**).

{{item:956414}}

{{item:956415}}

{{item:956416}}

Availability (-tavissa / -tavilla)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
digital	digitaalinen
archive	arkisto
The information can be read in the digital archive.	Tieto on luettavissa digitaalisessa arkistossa.
The old documents are no longer available in this archive.	Vanhat asiakirjat eivät ole enää saatavilla tässä arkistossa.
database	tietokanta
keyword	hakusana
The database can be found by both name and keyword.	Tietokanta on löydettävissä sekä nimellä että hakusanalla.
search engine	hakukone
We need a better keyword for this search engine.	Me tarvitsemme paremman hakusanan tätä hakukonetta varten.
system	järjestelmä
The new system is ready to use the digital search engine.	Uusi järjestelmä on valmis käyttämään digitaalista hakukonetta.
backup	varmuuskopio
server	palvelin
Is the backup still visible on the server?	Onko varmuuskopio yhä nähtävissä palvelimella?
The backup of the database is located on the new server.	Tietokannan varmuuskopio sijaitsee uudella palvelimella.
access right	käyttöoikeus
document (general, digital file)	dokumentti
Without an access right, the documents of the system are not available.	Ilman käyttöoikeutta järjestelmän dokumentit eivät ole saatavilla.
Are you able to read this document without an access right?	Pystytkö lukemaan tämän dokumentin ilman käyttöoikeutta?
Whose digital backup can be found here?	Kenen digitaalinen varmuuskopio on löydettävissä täältä?