Question 1

Why do we use the plural word avâyel to say "early in the night"?

Accepted Answer

In Farsi, temporal sub-divisions are often expressed using Arabic broken plurals. avâyel is the broken plural of avval (first). When linked with an ezafe to a time period, like avâyel-e shab, it literally means "the first parts of the night" but translates naturally to "early in the night." This pattern also applies to the middle (avâset) and end (avâkher) of time periods.

Question 2

How is the noun derakhshesh (glow) formed from a verb?

Accepted Answer

It is built using the present stem of the verb derakhshidan (to shine), which is derakhsh, combined with the noun-forming suffix -esh. This suffix is a very common way to turn a Farsi verb into a noun that represents the action or result of that verb.

Question 3

Notice how kâmel appears twice here: as an adjective in mâh-e kâmel and as an adverb in kâmelan. How does the adverb form work?

Accepted Answer

The word kâmel (complete) is an Arabic loanword. To make it an adverb meaning "completely," Farsi attaches the Arabic adverbial suffix -an (written with the tanwin symbol). This is standard for many Arabic adjectives used in Farsi, functioning much like the "-ly" suffix in English.

Question 4

What is the grammar behind the word namâyân (visible)?

Accepted Answer

namâyân is a present participle functioning as an adjective. It is formed by taking namây, the present stem of the verb nemudan (to show or seem), and adding the suffix -ân. This suffix describes an ongoing state or characteristic, translating literally to "appearing" or "showing."

اوایل شب، درخشش ماه کامل کاملاً نمایان است.

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