Temporal Subdivisions
When talking about the beginning, middle, or end of a time period—such as a day, week, month, or season—Farsi uses three specific words historically borrowed from Arabic broken plurals. These words are always linked to the time period that follows them using the ezafe connector (an invisible "-e").
To express "early" or the "beginning of" a timeframe, use اوایل.
| In early spring, astronomy students observe the sky. | اوایل بهار، دانشجویان نجوم آسمان را رصد میکنند.avâyel-e bahâr, dâneshjuyân-e nojum âsemân râ rasad mikonand |
| Early in the night, after sunset, the stars are not yet visible. | اوایل شب، بعد از غروب خورشید، ستارهها هنوز نمایان نیستند.avâyel-e shab, ba'd az ghorub-e khorshid, setâre-hâ hanuz nemâyân nistand. |
The Middle of a Period
To talk about the middle of a timeframe, such as "mid-month" or "mid-summer", use اواسط.
| In mid-month, the moon is full and its glow is very beautiful. | اواسط ماه، ماه کامل است و درخشش آن خیلی زیبا است.avâsete mâh, mâh kâmel ast va derakhshesh ân kheyli zibâ ast. |
| In mid-summer, the sky is so clear that we can observe all the stars. | اواسط تابستان، آسمان آنقدر صاف است که میتوانیم همهی ستارهها را رصد کنیم.avâset-e tâbestân, âsemân ânqadr sâf ast ke mitavânim hame-ye setâre-hâ râ rasad konim. |
Late or End of a Period
Finally, to describe the late part or the end of a time period, use اواخر.
| In late autumn, the crescent moon becomes visible in the sky. | اواخر پاییز، هلال ماه در آسمان نمایان میشود.avâkhere pâyiz, helâle mâh dar âsemân nomâyân mishavad. |
| Late in the day, near sunset, the crescent moon is very beautiful. | اواخر روز، نزدیک غروب، هلال ماه خیلی زیبا است.avâkher-e ruz, nazdik-e ghorub, helâl-e mâh kheyli zibâ ast. |
Contrasting Timeframes
These terms are frequently used together to describe changes over time or contrast different phases of a cycle, such as tracking the moon.
| Early in the month we see the crescent, and mid-month the full moon. | اوایل ماه هلال را میبینیم و اواسط ماه، ماه کامل را.avâyel-e mâh helâl râ mibinim va avâset-e mâh, mâh-e kâmel râ. |
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