Breakdown of هر کسی هم که نارضایتی داشته باشد، مدیر هیچ استثنایی را قبول نمیکند.
داشتنdâshtan
to have
راrâ
definite direct object marker
مدیرmodir
manager
هیچhich
none, (not) any
قبول کردنghabul kardan
to accept
هر کس هم کهhar kas ham ke
no matter who
نارضایتیnârezâyati
dissatisfaction
استثناestesnâ
exception
Questions & Answers about هر کسی هم که نارضایتی داشته باشد، مدیر هیچ استثنایی را قبول نمیکند.
How does the phrase har kasi ham ke work to mean no matter who?
This phrase is built from har (every/any) plus kas (person) plus the indefinite suffix -i plus ham ke (even that). As a set phrase, it creates an indefinite concessive clause meaning no matter who or whoever. It sets up a hypothetical condition, which is why it forces the following verb into the subjunctive mood.
Why is the verb dâshte bâshad in the subjunctive mood here?
The subjunctive is triggered by har kasi ham ke (no matter who). Since the sentence talks about a hypothetical, unidentified person who might be dissatisfied, rather than stating a known fact about a specific person, the present subjunctive dâshte bâshad must be used instead of the indicative dârad.
Why does hich estesnâyi take the object marker râ? Is it not indefinite?
You are right that hich (no/any) makes the noun indefinite, which is why estesnâ (exception) takes the indefinite suffix -i. However, when a phrase with hich is the direct object of a negative verb like ghabul nemikonad, Farsi grammar often requires the râ marker to emphasize that not a single instance of that object is accepted.
What happens to the spelling of estesnâ (exception) when the indefinite -i is added?
Because estesnâ ends in the long vowel â, you cannot simply attach the vowel -i directly to it. Farsi requires a bridge consonant to connect them, so a y is inserted in speech and writing, making it estesnâyi.
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