Questions & Answers about این شاخص ده درصد کاهش در مشارکت جوانان را نشان میدهد.
Why does ده درصد (ten percent) come right before کاهش (decrease) without an ezafe?
Just like regular numbers in Farsi, percentages act as quantifiers. They are placed directly before the noun they modify without needing an ezafe. So, a ten percent decrease is simply ده درصد کاهش.
Why is the direct object marker را placed all the way after جوانان instead of right after کاهش?
The object of the verb نشان میدهد (shows) isn't just the decrease; it is the entire noun phrase: the ten percent decrease in the participation of the youth. In Farsi, را always attaches to the very end of the complete object phrase, no matter how long the modifiers make it.
The English translation says 'a ten percent decrease', which implies it is indefinite. Why is را used here?
When abstract concepts or statistics are heavily specified by modifiers (like a decrease specifically in youth participation), Farsi speakers often treat them as a specific, known phenomenon being discussed, rather than a random indefinite object. Because it feels specific in this context, it takes را.
How is the word جوانان (youth) formed here?
It comes from the word جوان (young or young person). The suffix ـان is a formal plural marker used primarily for people and living things, turning it into 'young people' or 'the youth'.