Question 1

Why do we use hame-ye with a plural noun here instead of har?

Accepted Answer

This is the core difference between "all" and "every/each" in Farsi. We use hame-ye (all of) followed by a plural noun to talk about the entire group together. Notice that hame requires an Ezafe to connect to the noun (hame-ye resturaan-haa). If we used har (every/each), the noun would have to be singular and take no Ezafe right after the quantifier: har resturaan-e kasif (every dirty restaurant). Both convey a similar idea, but the grammar structure changes entirely.

Question 2

Doesn't digar usually mean "other" or "else"? Why is it translated as "no longer"?

Accepted Answer

Yes, digar often means "other", but when it is paired with a negative verb (like nistand here), its function changes. In negative sentences, digar means "not anymore" or "no longer". So, digar... baaz nistand translates to "they are no longer open".

Question 3

Does the preposition bedun (without) need an Ezafe to connect to mojavvez (permit)?

Accepted Answer

Yes! Most multi-syllable prepositions in Farsi, such as bedun (without), baraaye (for), or daakhel (inside), require an Ezafe to connect to the noun that follows them. Therefore, it must be pronounced bedun-e mojavvez.

Question 4

The subject is "restaurants", which are inanimate. Shouldn't the verb be singular (nist)?

Accepted Answer

In Farsi, inanimate plural subjects often take a singular verb, which is completely fine. However, using a plural verb (nistand) is also correct and very common, especially when you are using a broad quantifier like hame-ye (all of) or when you want to emphasize the individual items within the group rather than just the collective mass.

همه‌ی رستوران‌های کثیف دیگر بدون مجوز باز نیستند.

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