Breakdown of سفیر باادب با این موضوع آشنا است و جواب او معلوم است.
او
he/she
و
and
این
this
بودنbudan
to be
باbâ
with
جوابjavâb
answer
موضوعmowzu'
subject / topic
سفیرsafir
ambassador
باادبbâ'adab
polite
آشناâshnâ
familiar
معلومma'lum
clear
Questions & Answers about سفیر باادب با این موضوع آشنا است و جواب او معلوم است.
How is the word باادب (polite) formed, and what is its exact opposite?
It is made of the prefix bâ- (with) and the noun adab (manners or politeness). To make the opposite ("impolite" or "rude"), you replace bâ- with the privative prefix bi- (without), giving you بیادب (bi-adab).
The word با appears twice in a row here (باادب با). Are they doing the same thing?
No, they serve very different functions! The first bâ is a prefix attached to adab to form the adjective باادب (polite). The second bâ is a standalone preposition meaning "with", linking the ambassador to the issue he is familiar with.
Can the negative prefix nâ- be used with any other words in this sentence to create opposites?
Yes! Both آشنا (familiar) and معلوم (clear/known) often take the prefix nâ- (un-/in-) to form their opposites. ناآشنا (nâ-âshnâ) means "unfamiliar", and نامعلوم (nâ-ma'lum) means "unclear" or "unknown".
Why isn't there an Ezafe (an "e" sound) connecting موضوع (issue) and آشنا (familiar)?
Because آشنا isn't an adjective describing the issue here. The sentence says the ambassador is familiar with the issue (با این موضوع آشنا است). If you used an Ezafe to say موضوعِ آشنا, it would change the meaning to "the familiar issue".
Why does the sentence use جواب او for "his answer" instead of just attaching a pronoun to make جوابش?
Both are perfectly correct and mean the exact same thing. However, using the separate pronoun او (he/she) linked with an Ezafe (جوابِ او) sounds a bit more formal and written. This fits the formal context of discussing a سفیر (ambassador).
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