Learn Farsi: برای طعم بهتر، دانه‌ی تیره جدا می‌شود. - For a better flavor, the dark bean is separated.

The active compound verb for "to separate" is jodā kardan (literally "to do separate"). To make it passive, we replace the helper verb kardan (to do/make) with shodan (to become). So, jodā mi-shavad literally translates to "it becomes separated."

Wait, doesn't the present passive require a past participle like the lesson says?

Normally, yes! But compound verbs are a special, very common exception. With compound verbs made of an adjective + kardan, Farsi usually skips the past participle. Instead of saying jodā shode mi-shavad, you just swap the helper verb to get jodā mi-shavad.

Why is there an extra letter ی (ye) attached to dāne (دانه‌ی)?

That is the ezāfe that links the noun dāne (bean) to its adjective tire (dark). Because dāne ends in a silent he (ه), you must write the ezāfe with a ی to create the spoken "-ye" sound connecting the two words (dāne-ye tire).

How do we get the word behtar (بهتر) for "better"?

In Farsi, you add the suffix -tar (تر) to an adjective to make it comparative, just like adding "-er" in English. While the most common word for "good" is khub, Farsi uses an older root word beh (good) for its comparatives. So, + becomes (better).