Breakdown of باستانشناسها ویرانهی این تمدن را پیدا کرده بودند.
این
this
پیدا کردنpeydâ kardan
to find / to get / to develop (a condition)
راrâ
definite direct object marker
باستانشناسbâstân-shenâs
archaeologist
ویرانهvirâne
ruin
تمدنtamaddon
civilization
Questions & Answers about باستانشناسها ویرانهی این تمدن را پیدا کرده بودند.
How is the past perfect tense 'had found' formed in this sentence?
It uses the compound verb peydâ kardan (to find). First, we make the past participle of the verb, which is peydâ karde. Then we add the simple past of budan (to be) for 'they', which is budand. Together, peydâ karde budand means 'they had found'.
What are the parts of the word for 'archaeologists' (bâstân-shenâs-hâ)?
Bâstân means 'ancient' or 'antiquity', and shenâs means 'expert' or 'knower' (from the verb shenâkhtan, to know). Adding the standard plural marker -hâ at the end makes it 'experts of antiquity', which is how Farsi says 'archaeologists'.
Why is there a -ye sound at the end of virâne (ruin)?
That is the Ezâfe, a grammatical linker that connects a noun to the word describing or possessing it. Here, it links virâne (ruin) to in tamaddon (this civilization). Because virâne ends in a silent 'e' sound, the Ezâfe is pronounced and written as -ye, creating the meaning 'the ruin of this civilization'.
Why is the direct object marker râ placed exactly where it is?
Râ points out the specific direct object of the sentence. The object isn't just 'the ruin' or 'the civilization', but the entire connected phrase 'the ruin of this civilization' (virâne-ye in tamaddon). The rule in Farsi is to put râ at the very end of the whole object phrase.
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