Breakdown of داوطلبان، بیایید زبالههای این منطقه را جمعآوری کنیم.
این
this
آمدنâmadan
to come
راrâ
definite direct object marker
داوطلبdâvtalab
volunteer / candidate / applicant
زبالهzobâle
garbage
منطقهmantaghe
area
جمعآوری کردنjam'-âvari kardan
to collect
Questions & Answers about داوطلبان، بیایید زبالههای این منطقه را جمعآوری کنیم.
Why do we use بیایید before جمعآوری کنیم?
This is the hortative construction taught in this lesson, which is how we say 'let's do something' in Farsi. We use the imperative form of 'to come' (بیایید because we are addressing multiple volunteers) followed by the present subjunctive of the main action verb (جمعآوری کنیم). Even though it literally looks like 'Come, we collect,' it simply means 'Let's collect.'
Why does the word for volunteers end in ـان instead of the usual plural ـها?
The suffix ـان is used to make plurals for people or living beings. While you can definitely use the standard plural suffix and say داوطلبها, using داوطلبان sounds a bit more formal or respectful, which perfectly fits a public announcement to a group of volunteers.
How does the ezafe work in the phrase زبالههای این منطقه?
The word for garbage is زباله and its plural is زبالهها. To say 'the garbage OF this area,' we need to link it to این منطقه using an ezafe. Because زبالهها ends in the vowel sound 'a', the ezafe takes the form of a 'ye' sound, which is written with the letter ی.
Why is the object marker را placed after the word 'area' rather than 'garbage'?
The word را marks the specific direct object of the sentence, but it must be placed at the very end of the entire noun phrase. The full direct object here is 'this area's garbage' (زبالههای این منطقه), so را has to wait until the end of that whole phrase before making its appearance.
Why is there no بـ (be-) prefix on the subjunctive verb جمعآوری کنیم?
The main verb is the compound verb جمعآوری کردن (to collect). When forming the present subjunctive for compound verbs that use کردن, it is very common and perfectly correct to drop the بـ prefix on the auxiliary verb. Saying جمعآوری بکنیم is also grammatically correct, but dropping the prefix is smoother and very typical in both spoken and written Farsi.
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