Learn Farsi: من شما را می‌فهمم.

The word شما means "you". Because "you" is the direct object of the sentence (the person receiving the action of being understood), we must add the specific object marker را right after it. This creates the independent object pronoun شما را.

Is the word order always Subject-Object-Verb?

Yes, standard Farsi word order places the verb at the very end of the sentence. That is why شما را (you) comes before می‌فهمم (I understand), making the literal sentence structure "I you understand."

Can I drop the word من at the beginning of this sentence?

Yes, you absolutely can! In Farsi, the subject pronoun is optional because the verb ending ـم at the end of می‌فهمم already tells us that "I" am doing the action. Saying شما را می‌فهمم is very common and natural.

What does the می‌ prefix do in the verb می‌فهمم?

The prefix می‌ shows that this is a present tense verb. It tells us that the action of understanding is happening right now, similar to how we use the simple present tense in English.