Forming Relational Adjectives
In Farsi, you can turn many nouns into adjectives by adding the suffix ی. These describe something as being related to the original noun.
For example, مرکز (center) becomes مرکزی (central), and جهان (world) becomes جهانی (global).
| The central government was weak. | دولت مرکزی ضعیف بود.dowlat-e markazi za'if bud. |
| The government supported a global parliament. | دولت از یک پارلمان جهانی حمایت کرد.dowlat az yek pârlemân jahâni hemâyat kard. |
Describing Government and Politics
This pattern is incredibly common when describing political and government structures. دولت (government) becomes دولتی (governmental), and خارج (outside) becomes خارجی (foreign):
| We used to hear the governmental and foreign news. | ما خبر دولتی و خارجی را میشنیدیم.mâ khabar-e dowlati o khâreji râ mi-shenidim. |
Notice how اساس (basis) becomes اساسی (fundamental). This forms the Farsi term for "constitution" (قانون اساسی, literally "fundamental law"):
| Did the constitution choose a parliamentary system? | آیا قانون اساسی یک نظام پارلمانی را انتخاب کرد؟âyâ qânun-e asâsi yek nezâm-e pârlemâni râ entekhâb kard? |
Categorizing Everyday Concepts
Beyond politics, the ی suffix is the standard way to classify general categories. For example, turning عموم (the public) into عمومی (public) and شخص (person) into شخصی (private/personal).
| This car is either public or private. | این ماشین یا عمومی است یا شخصی.in mâshin yâ omumi ast yâ shakhsi. |
| A man who had a private car went to the public hospital. | مردی که ماشین شخصی داشت، به بیمارستان عمومی رفت.mardi ke mâshin-e shakhsi dâsht, be bimârestân-e omumi raft. |
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