Reflexive Pronouns
In Persian, the base word for "self" is:
| self | خودkhod |
To specify who the "self" is (myself, yourself, himself, etc.), attach the standard possessive endings to this base word.
| Person | Suffix | Reflexive Pronoun | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Singular | ـم | خودم | myself |
| 2nd Singular | ـت | خودت | yourself |
| 3rd Singular | ـش | خودش | himself / herself / itself |
| 1st Plural | ـمان | خودمان | ourselves |
| 2nd Plural | ـتان | خودتان | yourselves |
| 3rd Plural | ـشان | خودشان | themselves |
These reflexive pronouns are used in three main ways:
1. Direct Objects
When a reflexive pronoun is the direct object of a sentence, it takes the specific object marker را.
| I see myself in the mirror and brush my teeth. | من خودم را در آینه میبینم و مسواک میزنم.man khodam râ dar âyneh mibinam va mesvâk mizanam. |
| We dry ourselves with a towel. | ما خودمان را با حوله خشک میکنیم.mâ khodemân râ bâ howle khoshk mikonim. |
2. Emphasis
Use these pronouns to emphasize that someone performed an action themselves. The reflexive pronoun typically follows the subject.
| They bring the soap to the bathroom themselves. | آنها خودشان صابون را به حمام میآورند.ânhâ khodeshân sâbun râ be hammâm miâvarand. |
| The children brush their teeth themselves in the bathroom. | بچهها خودشان در حمام مسواک میزنند.bache-hâ khodeshân dar hammâm mesvâk mizanand |
3. Emphatic Possession
To emphasize possession (meaning one's own things), link the noun to the reflexive pronoun using the ezafe connector.
| He combs his own hair. | او موهای خودش را شانه میکند.u muhâ-ye khodash râ shâne mikonad. |
| They wash their own hair with shampoo. | آنها موهای خودشان را با شامپو میشویند.ânhâ muhâ-ye khodeshân râ bâ shâmpu mishuyand. |
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