In a passive sentence, the focus is on the action. To specify the agent (the "doer"), Farsi uses specific prepositions. Both connect to the agent noun using the ezâfe connector.
Using توسط (By)
توسط translates to "by". It is the most common way to introduce an agent, especially when the action is performed by a person or organization.
| The glass is melted by the workers. | شیشه توسط کارگرها ذوب میشود.shishe tavassote kârgar-hâ zob mishavad. |
| The plastic bottles are recycled by the factory. | بطریهای پلاستیکی توسط کارخانه بازیافت میشوند.botri-hâ-ye pelâstiki tavassote kârkhâne bâzyâft mishavand. |
| All materials must be recycled by the government. | تمام مواد باید توسط دولت بازیافت شوند.tamâm-e mavâd bâyad tavassot dowlat bâzyâft shavand. |
Using به وسیلهی (By means of)
When the action is performed by a machine, tool, or instrument, it is common to use به وسیلهی.
This phrase literally means "by means of", coming from the noun وسیله (means or tool). While توسط can also be used for machines, به وسیلهی explicitly highlights the instrument used.
| The metal cans must be sorted by means of a machine. | قوطیهای فلزی باید به وسیلهی دستگاه تفکیک شوند.qutihâ-ye felezi bâyad be vasile-ye dastgâh tafkik shavand. |
| The paper is compressed by means of a heavy machine. | کاغذ به وسیلهی یک دستگاه سنگین فشرده میشود.kâghaz be vasile-ye yek dastgâh-e sangin feshorde mishavad. |
| The cans are melted by means of the furnace. | قوطیها به وسیلهی کوره ذوب میشوند.ghuti-hâ be vasile-ye kureh zob mishavand. |
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