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### Omitting the Copula in Formal Texts

In highly formal Farsi writing, such as inscriptions on trophies or commemorative plaques, it is common to stylistically omit the third-person singular present copula **است** (is). 

Dropping the verb creates a concise, elegant tone. The missing "is" is implied, often marked by a comma where the verb would usually appear.

{{item:817615}}

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### Expressing Purpose and Praise

This verbless structure is ideal for linking an award to its recipient or purpose. You will often see it with formal vocabulary like **اعطا** (awarding) and **نشان** (medal).

{{item:817622}}

When listing multiple awards or recipients, the copula can be dropped from every clause.

{{item:817625}}

### Formulating Reasons

When stating the reason for an honor, place the justification at the end of the clause. The comma once again does the work of the omitted verb.

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Omitting the copula in formal texts

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
plaque	لوحlowh
appreciation	تقدیرtaqdir
superior	برترbartar
This plaque of appreciation is for the top employee.	این لوح تقدیر، برای کارمند برتر.in loh taqdir, barâye kârmand bartar.
honoring	پاسداشتpâsdâsht
endeavor	همتhemmat
This beautiful plaque is an honoring of his endeavor.	این لوح زیبا، پاسداشت همت او.in lowh-e zibâ, pâsdâsht-e hemmat-e u.
awarding	اعطاe'tâ
medal (badge/decoration)	نشانneshân
golden	زرینzarrin
The awarding of this golden medal is due to your success.	اعطای این نشان زرین، به دلیل موفقیت شما.e'tâ-ye in neshân-e zarrin, be dalil-e movaffaqiyat-e shomâ.
bravery	شجاعتshajâ'at
sacrifice	ایثارisâr
One is the medal of bravery and the other is the medal of sacrifice.	یکی نشان شجاعت و دیگری نشان ایثار.yeki neshâne shojâ'at o digari neshâne isâr.
Our golden medal is also for the appreciation of the top manager.	نشان زرین ما نیز برای تقدیر از مدیر برتر.neshân-e zarrin-e mâ niz barâye taqdir az modir-e bartar
Honoring your sacrifice and endeavor is our main goal.	پاسداشت ایثار و همت شما، هدف اصلی ما.pâsdâsht-e isâr o hemmat-e shomâ, hadaf-e asli-ye mâ.
The awarding of this prize is solely because of his bravery.	اعطای این جایزه، تنها به خاطر شجاعت او.e'tâ-ye in jâyeze, tanhâ be khâtere shajâ'ate u.
From the judge's perspective, his endeavor is unparalleled.	از نظر داور، همت او بی‌نظیر.az nazar-e dâvar, hemmat-e u binazir.
The reason for awarding this medal is his unparalleled endeavor.	دلیل اعطای این نشان، همت بی‌نظیر او.dalil-e e'tâ-ye in neshân, hemmat-e binazir-e u.
This plaque is an honoring of your work and an appreciation of the team.	این لوح، پاسداشت کار شما و تقدیر از تیم.in lowh, pâsdâshte kâre shomâ va taqdir az tim.