The Ezafe with Verbal Nouns
Persian infinitives can act as nouns, similar to English "-ing" words (gerunds). When this action involves an object—like "cutting wood" or "pounding a nail"—you link the verbal noun to its object using the Ezafe.
This linking vowel attaches to the end of the infinitive and functions like the English word "of" (literally "the cutting of the wood").
| Cutting the wood with a saw is hard. | بریدن چوب با اره سخت است.boridan-e choob bâ arreh sakht ast. |
| Pounding a nail with a hammer is dangerous. | کوبیدن میخ با چکش خطرناک است.kubidan mikh bâ chekesh khatarnâk ast. |
For compound verbs, the Ezafe attaches to the end of the infinitive part (such as کردن or گرفتن).
| Connecting the pieces needs glue. | وصل کردن قطعهها به چسب نیاز دارد.vasl kardan-e qet'e-hâ be chasb niyâz dârad. |
Verbal Noun Phrases as Direct Objects
Sometimes, the entire phrase (the verbal noun + its object) acts as the direct object of another verb.
When this happens, the phrase is treated as a single block. The verbal noun and its object are linked with the Ezafe as usual, and the specific direct object marker را is placed at the very end.
| Why does the carpenter like building the chair? | چرا نجار ساختن صندلی را دوست دارد؟cherâ najjâr sâkhtan sandali râ dust dârad? |
| Did you start building the table? | آیا ساختن میز را شروع کردی؟âyâ sâkhtan-e miz râ shoru' kardi? |
| If the carpenter comes, he will start cutting the pieces. | اگر نجار بیاید، بریدن قطعهها را شروع میکند.agar najjâr biâyad, boridan qet'e-hâ râ shoru' mikonad. |
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