Formal Outcomes: منجر شدن and ختم شدن
To express formal consequences, Farsi frequently uses two prepositional compound verbs: منجر شدن (to result) and ختم شدن (to end).
Both verbs are paired with the preposition به (to / in), which connects the cause to its outcome. The preposition and outcome typically come right before the conjugated verb:
[Cause] + به + [Outcome] + منجر میشود / ختم میشود
| This water shortage results in famine. | این بیآبی منجر به قحطی میشود.in bi-âbi monjar be qahti mishavad. |
| The evaporation of water will end in desertification. | تبخیر آب به بیابانزایی ختم خواهد شد.tabkhir-e âb be biyâbân-zâyi khatm khâhad shod. |
| Will this famine end in the migration of the people? | آیا این قحطی به کوچ مردم ختم خواهد شد؟âyâ in qahti be kuch mardom khatm khâhad shod? |
Expressing Clauses as Causes
If the cause is a full descriptive clause rather than a simple noun, introduce it with این که (the fact that). This turns the clause into a noun equivalent.
| The fact that it does not rain results in water shortage. | این که باران نمیبارد منجر به بیآبی میشود.in ke bârân nemi-bârad monjar be bi-âbi mishavad. |
| The fact that underground waters evaporate ends in the migration of indigenous people. | اینکه آبهای زیرزمینی تبخیر میشوند، به کوچ مردم بومی ختم میشود.inke âbhâye zirzamini tabkhir mishavand, be kuche mardome bumi khatm mishavad. |
You can also use این که to embed these consequence phrases into other sentences, such as when discussing a specific outcome:
| We think about the fact that water shortage results in famine. | ما به این که بیآبی منجر به قحطی میشود فکر میکنیم.mâ be in ke bi-âbi monjar be qahti mishavad fekr mikonim. |
Describing Complex Consequences
When discussing formal topics, outcomes are often complex noun phrases with multiple adjectives or linked nouns. These prepositional verbs easily accommodate long chains of consequences.
| This drought results in disastrous desertification. | این خشکسالی منجر به بیابانزایی ناگوار میشود.in khoshksâli monjar be biyâbânzâyi nâgavâr mishavad. |
| Successive droughts result in undesirable changes and the conversion of fertile lands into desert. | خشکسالیهای پیاپی به تغییرات نامطلوب و تبدیل زمینهای حاصلخیز به بیابان منجر میشود.khoshk-sâli-hâ-ye peyâpey be taghyirât-e nâmatlub va tabdil-e zamin-hâ-ye hâselkhiz be biâbân monjar mishavad. |