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### Expressing Likes

In Persian, expressing that you like something uses a unique, impersonal structure. Instead of a direct "I like X," you say something closer to "From X, it comes pleasing to me."

{{item:778265}}

To build this, use the preposition **از** (from) followed by the thing you like, then the word **خوش** (pleasing/good) attached to a pronominal enclitic, and finally the 3rd-person singular form of the verb **آمدن** (to come).

**از [noun] + خوش + [enclitic] + می‌آید**

{{item:778266}}

{{item:778273}}

### Who Likes It?

Because the verb is impersonal (it is usually the 3rd-person singular "it comes"), the verb conjugation does not change based on who is doing the liking. Instead, you change the **pronominal enclitic** attached to **خوش**:

| Person | Enclitic | Structure |
|---|---|---|
| I | ـَم | خوشم می‌آید |
| You (sg.) | ـَت | خوشت می‌آید |
| He/She/It | ـَش | خوشش می‌آید |
| We | ـِمان | خوشمان می‌آید |
| You (pl.) | ـِتان | خوشتان می‌آید |
| They | ـِشان | خوششان می‌آید |

To make the sentence negative, simply negate the final verb (**نمی‌آید**).

{{item:778267}}

### Changing Tenses

When you want to say you *liked* something in the past, or you *hope to like* something, the enclitic remains exactly the same. Only the final verb (**آمدن**) changes its tense.

For the simple past tense, use **آمد**:

{{item:778271}}

For the present subjunctive (for example, after verbs of hoping), use **بیاید**:

{{item:778281}}

Expressing likes (az ... khosh-am mi-âyad)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
perfume / fragrance	عطرetr
to like / to be pleasing (used with 'az' and pronominal enclitics)	خوش آمدنkhosh âmadan
I like this perfume.	از این عطر خوشم می‌آید.az in etr khosham mi-âyad.
Although this perfume is sweet, my mother does not like it.	با اینکه این عطر شیرین است، مادر من از آن خوشش نمی‌آید.bâ in-ke in atr shirin ast, mâdar man az ân khoshash nemi-âyad.
scent / aroma	رایحهrâyehe
masculine / men's	مردانهmardâne
to smell / to sniff	بوییدنbuyidan
When I smelled that masculine scent, I liked it.	وقتی آن رایحه‌ی مردانه را بوییدم، از آن خوشم آمد.vaghti ân râyehe-ye mardâne râ buidam, az ân khosham âmad.
mild / gentle	ملایمmolâyem
Do you like mild scents?	آیا از رایحه‌ی ملایم خوشت می‌آید؟âyâ az râyehe-ye malâyem khoshat mi-âyad?
wrist	مچmoch
to spray	اسپری کردنespri kardan
Do not spray that perfume on your wrist!	آن عطر را روی مچ خود اسپری نکن!ân atr râ ruye moch khod espray nakon!
longevity / lasting power	ماندگاریmândegâri
feminine / women's	زنانهzanâne
The longevity of this feminine perfume is very high.	ماندگاری این عطر زنانه خیلی زیاد است.mândegâri-ye in atr-e zanâne kheyli ziâd ast
My sister has never liked warm perfumes.	خواهر من هرگز از عطر گرم خوشش نیامده است.khâhar-e man hargez az atr-e garm khoshash nayâmade ast.
I hope that you like this mild scent.	امیدوارم که از این رایحه‌ی ملایم خوشت بیاید.omidvâram ke az in râyeheye malâyem khoshat biâyad.
I smelled the perfume on my wrist.	من عطر را روی مچ خود بوییدم.man atr râ ruye moch-e khod buyidam.
We sprayed the masculine perfume.	ما عطر مردانه را اسپری کردیم.mâ atr-e mardâne râ esperi kardim.
They always liked this feminine scent.	آنها همیشه از این رایحه‌ی زنانه خوششان می‌آمد.ânhâ hamishe az in râyehe-ye zanâne khosheshân miâmad.
When I bought the masculine perfume, my father liked it.	وقتی عطر مردانه را خریدم، پدر من از آن خوشش آمد.vaghti atr-e mardâne râ kharidam, pedar-e man az ân khoshash âmad.
Although this perfume does not have longevity, I like it.	با اینکه این عطر ماندگاری ندارد، از آن خوشم می‌آید.bâ inke in atr mândegâri nadârad, az ân khosham mi-âyad.