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### Forming Agent Nouns

In Farsi, you can create an "agent noun"—a word that describes a person performing a specific action—by adding the suffix **نده** (-ande) to a verb's present stem. If the stem ends in a vowel, a **ی** is inserted before the suffix.

- **دیدن** (to see) → stem **بین** → **بیننده** (viewer)
- **شنیدن** (to hear) → stem **شنو** → **شنونده** (listener)
- **گفتن** (to speak) → stem **گو** → **گوینده** (speaker)

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### Agent Nouns with Compound Verbs

To form an agent noun from a compound verb, add the suffix only to the light verb. 

The present stem of **کردن** (to do) is **کن**, making **کننده**. The present stem of **دادن** (to give) is **ده**, making **دهنده**. 

- **شرکت کردن** (to participate) → **شرکت‌کننده** (participant)
- **رای دادن** (to vote) → **رای‌دهنده** (voter)

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These agent nouns pluralize normally with **ها**, which is common when discussing groups of people in elections.

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Agent nouns (-ande)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
participant	شرکت‌کنندهsherkat-konande
candidate	نامزدnâmzad
Which candidate does this participant choose?	این شرکت‌کننده کدام نامزد را انتخاب می‌کند؟in sherkat-konande kodâm nâmzad râ entekhâb mikonad?
representative	نمایندهnemâyande
The representative must talk with the participants.	نماینده باید با شرکت‌کننده‌ها صحبت کند.nemâyande bâyad bâ sherkat-konande-hâ sohbat konad.
listener	شنوندهshenavande
speaker	گویندهguyande
Did the listeners believe the speaker?	آیا شنونده‌ها گوینده را باور کردند؟âyâ shenavandeha guyande râ bâvar kardand?
viewer	بینندهbinande
debate	مناظرهmonâzere
elections	انتخاباتentekhâbât
The viewers are watching the election debate.	بیننده‌ها مناظره‌ی انتخابات را تماشا می‌کنند.binande-hâ monâzere-ye entekhâbât râ tamâshâ mikonand.
How many viewers saw the debate last night?	دیشب چند بیننده مناظره را دیدند؟dishab chand binande monâzere râ didand?
Which candidate is the winner of the elections?	کدام نامزد برنده‌ی انتخابات است؟kodâm nâmzad barande-ye entekhâbât ast?
The speaker asked the listeners a question.	گوینده از شنونده‌ها سوال پرسید.guyande az shenavandeha so'âl porsid.
The representative of the party is a speaker in this debate.	نماینده‌ی حزب در این مناظره گوینده است.namâyande-ye hezb dar in monâzere guyande ast.
voter	رای‌دهندهrâ y-dahande
to vote	رای دادنrâ y dâdan
Every voter must vote in the election.	هر رای‌دهنده باید در انتخابات رای بدهد.har rây-dahandeh bâyad dar entekhâbât rây bedahad.
decision maker	تصمیم‌گیرندهtasmim-girande
In this country, the voters are the true decision makers.	در این کشور، رای‌دهنده‌ها تصمیم‌گیرنده‌های واقعی هستند.dar in keshvar, ray-dahandehâ tasmim-girandehâ-ye vâghe'i hastand.
supporter	حمایت‌کنندهhemâyat-konande
The candidate's supporters are speaking with the participants.	حمایت‌کننده‌های نامزد با شرکت‌کننده‌ها صحبت می‌کنند.hemâyat-konande-hâ-ye nâmzad bâ sherkat-konande-hâ sohbat mikonand.
It is necessary that the decision makers support the voters.	لازم است که تصمیم‌گیرنده‌ها از رای‌دهنده‌ها حمایت کنند.lâzem ast ke tasmim-girandeha az rây-dahandeha hemâyat konand.
The candidate asked his supporters to vote tomorrow morning.	نامزد از حمایت‌کننده‌های خود خواست که فردا صبح رای بدهند.nâmzad az hemâyat-konandehâ-ye khod khâst ke fardâ sobh ray bedahand.
The participants did not vote because they were tired.	شرکت‌کننده‌ها رای ندادند چون خسته بودند.sherkat-konandeha rây nadâdand chon khaste budand.

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