In Farsi, you can easily turn a noun into an adjective by using the prefixes با- (with) and بی- (without).
Adjectives of Presence (با-)
To say that someone or something has a particular quality, add با- to the beginning of a noun. For example, adding با- to سواد (literacy) gives you باسواد (educated), and adding it to استعداد (talent) gives you بااستعداد (talented).
| The new manager is an educated and talented man. | مدیر جدید یک مرد باسواد و بااستعداد است.modir-e jadid yek mard-e bâsavâd o bâ-este'dâd ast. |
| The conscientious doctor works here, doesn't he? | دکتر باوجدان اینجا کار میکند، مگر نه؟doktor-e bâvejdân injâ kâr mikonad, magar na? |
Adjectives of Absence (بی-)
To describe the absence of a trait, use بی-. This functions like the English suffix "-less" or the prefix "un-". For instance, attaching بی- to رحم (mercy) creates بیرحم (ruthless), and attaching it to معنی (meaning) creates بیمعنی (meaningless).
| That shameless man has told a meaningless story. | آن مرد بیشرم یک داستان بیمعنی گفته است.ân marde bishram yek dâstâne bima'ni gofte ast. |
| That ruthless killer was never fair. | آن قاتل بیرحم هیچوقت باانصاف نبود.ân qâtel-e bi-rahm hich-vaght bâ-ensâf nabud. |
Describing Character and Conditions
These prefixes are highly productive and can attach to almost any abstract noun to describe a person's character or the state of an object.
| An inconsiderate person is usually weak-willed. | یک آدم بیملاحظه معمولاً بیاراده است.yek âdam bi-molâheze ma'mulan bi-erâde ast. |
| As soon as you take this harmless medicine, you will sleep. | همین که این داروی بیضرر را بخوری، میخوابی.hamin ke in dâruye bizarar râ bokhori, mikhâbi. |
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