Learn Dutch: Ik heet Tom. - My name is Tom.

This sentence doesn't actually use the possessive adjective mijn (my) or the word for name (naam). Instead, it uses the verb heten, which means "to be called." So Ik heet Tom literally translates to "I am called Tom."

How would I literally say "My name is Tom" using the possessive adjectives from this lesson?

You would say Mijn naam is Tom. Both Ik heet Tom and Mijn naam is Tom are perfectly correct and common ways to introduce yourself in Dutch.

Why is the verb spelled heet with two 'e's?

The full dictionary form of the verb is heten (to be called). To make the ik (I) form, you drop the -en ending. If you just wrote het, the 'e' would sound short (like in the English word "pet"). To keep the long 'e' sound from heten, Dutch spelling rules require doubling the vowel to make it heet.

Can I also say "Ik ben Tom"?

Absolutely! Ik ben Tom means "I am Tom" and is just as common and natural as Ik heet Tom when introducing yourself.