Negative prefixes (mis-, wan-)

Prefixes of Failure: wan- and mis-

Dutch uses two primary negative prefixes to indicate that something is bad, deficient, or has failed: wan- and mis-.

  • wan-: Attaches mostly to nouns to indicate a bad, disordered, or deficient state.
  • mis-: Just like the English "mis-", this versatile prefix attaches to verbs, nouns, and adjectives to show that an action was done incorrectly.
Because of the disorder, the event would go wrong.
Door de wanorde zou het evenement mislopen.
As soon as the disorder began, the distrust grew.
Zodra de wanorde begon, groeide het wantrouwen.

Malfeasance and Poor Performance

These prefixes are perfect for describing professional or behavioral failures, often pairing together to emphasize both mismanagement (wan-) and mistakes (mis-).

Neither the director nor the manager denied the mismanagement.
Noch de directeur noch de manager ontkende het wanbeheer.
Whoever misbehaves must leave due to this misconduct.
Wie zich misdraagt, moet vanwege dit wangedrag weggaan.

Missteps and Miscalculations

The prefix mis- is highly productive, describing specific errors in judgment, clumsy mistakes, or inappropriate remarks.

Notice how it can form reflexive verbs, turning rekenen (to calculate) into zich misrekenen (to miscalculate).

Because the boss miscalculated, the mismanagement became visible.
Doordat de baas zich misrekende, werd het wanbeheer zichtbaar.
The presenter's joke was inappropriate in this disorder.
De grap van de presentator was misplaatst in deze wanorde.