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Croatian

### The other half of nema

You already know **nema** — *there is no* — and that it takes the genitive. Its positive partner is **ima**, *there is / there are*, and it takes the genitive too:

| | |
|---|---|
| **Ima vode.** | There is water. |
| **Nema vode.** | There is no water. |
| **Ima kruha.** | There is bread. |
| **Nema kruha.** | There is no bread. |

Both are frozen in the third person singular. They never agree with anything, which makes the pair one of the easiest things in Croatian.

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### Asking whether something exists

Put **li** after it, exactly as with any other verb: **Ima li…?** — *Is there…?*

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### Careful: ima is also "has"

**ima** is the ordinary third-person form of *imati* as well. The difference is the case: *On ima auto* (accusative — *he has a car*) against *Ima vode* (genitive — *there is water*). The genitive is the signal that you are talking about existence.

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### Three useful nouns

**stvar** is *thing*, **život** is *life*, and **red** is *order* — and also the *queue* you stand in.

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There is, there are (ima)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Plural instrumental nouns (-ima, -ama)

Question	Answer
thing	stvar
There is water here.	Ovdje ima vode.
Is there bread here?	Ima li ovdje kruha?
He has a car, but there is no fuel here.	On ima auto, a ovdje nema goriva.
This thing is expensive.	Ova stvar je skupa.
There is one thing in the bag.	Ima jedna stvar u torbi.
life	život
Life is interesting.	Život je zanimljiv.
There is life on the island.	Ima života na otoku.
order; queue / row	red
There is order here.	Ovdje ima reda.
The queue is long.	Red je dug.

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