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### Temporal Adjectives (-nji / -šnji)

When discussing the weather, you often need to link a specific time to a noun, such as "today's forecast" or "yesterday's storm". In English, we typically use an apostrophe-'s' or simply use the time word as a modifier. In Croatian, time adverbs are transformed directly into adjectives by adding the suffixes *-nji* or *-šnji*.

These temporal adjectives behave like any other adjective, meaning they must agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and case.

For example, from the adverb for "today", we get the adjective for "today's". Notice how it takes a feminine ending to match the noun for "forecast":

{{item:1098736}}

{{item:1098738}}

Similarly, you can form adjectives for "tomorrow's" and "yesterday's". Watch how these agree with the nouns they modify, such as taking the feminine accusative case when "tomorrow's rain" is the object of the sentence:

{{item:1098742}}

{{item:1098745}}

This pattern also applies to specific times of day. You can easily derive adjectives to talk about conditions from "this morning", "last night", or "tonight".

{{item:1098749}}

{{item:1098752}}

{{item:1098755}}

Because these derived words are full adjectives, you can use them to compare different times directly. They can even stand alone when the noun they describe is obvious from context.

{{item:1098747}}

Temporal adjectives (-nji / -šnji)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
today's	današnji
forecast	prognoza
What is today's forecast?	Kakva je današnja prognoza?
changeable	promjenjiv
Today's forecast is very changeable.	Današnja prognoza je vrlo promjenjiva.
meteorologist	meteorolog
to announce	najavljivati
tomorrow's	sutrašnji
The meteorologist is announcing tomorrow's rain.	Meteorolog najavljuje sutrašnju kišu.
Do you listen to the meteorologist when you plan a trip?	Slušaš li meteorologa kada planiraš izlet?
yesterday's	jučerašnji
Yesterday's storm destroyed the garden.	Jučerašnja oluja uništila je vrt.
I did not hear yesterday's forecast.	Nisam čuo jučerašnju prognozu.
Tomorrow's wind will not be as strong as today's.	Sutrašnji vjetar neće biti jak kao današnji.
this morning's	jutrošnji
This morning's fog is still here.	Jutrošnja magla je još ovdje.
Did you see this morning's frost?	Jesi li vidio jutrošnji mraz?
last night's	sinoćnji
Last night's rain was unexpected.	Sinoćnja kiša bila je neočekivana.
I was sleeping while last night's storm was raging.	Spavao sam dok je sinoćnja oluja bjesnjela.
tonight's	večerašnji
Tonight's rain is falling quickly.	Večerašnja kiša brzo pada.
We are not waiting for tonight's news.	Ne čekamo večerašnje vijesti.
The weather is changeable when the wind blows.	Vrijeme je promjenjivo kada puše vjetar.
They are forecasting changeable weather.	Najavljuju promjenjivo vrijeme.