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Croatian

Whether you are taking daily medication, calculating hourly wages, or checking your car's fuel consumption, you often need to express rates and frequencies. In English, we typically use words like "a," "an," or "per" (e.g., "twice *a* day," "ten euros *an* hour").

In Croatian, this is done using the preposition **na** followed by the unit of measurement or time in the **accusative case**.

### Frequency: Routines and Doses

To say how often something happens in a day (**dan**) or week (**tjedan**), use **na** plus the accusative. Because **dan** and **tjedan** are masculine inanimate nouns, their accusative forms look exactly the same as their dictionary forms, giving us **na dan** and **na tjedan**.

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### Rates: Speed and Wages

This exact same structure is used to talk about speed or hourly rates. For masculine inanimate time periods like an hour (**sat**) or a month (**mjesec**), the accusative again remains unchanged (**na sat**, **na mjesec**).

However, if the unit is feminine, such as a second (**sekunda**), remember to apply the standard feminine accusative ending, changing the final **-a** to **-u** to make **na sekundu**.

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### Proportions and Distances

The preposition **na** is not limited to time. You can also pair it with distances or other units to describe rates of consumption or broader proportions, such as "per a hundred kilometers."

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Rate and frequency (na + accusative)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
dose	doza
per (rate)	na
Your dose is one pill a day.	Tvoja doza je jedna tableta na dan.
to apply	mazati
cream	krema
You must apply the cream two times a day.	Moraš mazati kremu dva puta na dan.
speed	brzina
kilometer	kilometar
The highest speed is a hundred kilometers an hour.	Najveća brzina je sto kilometara na sat.
coach	trener
to charge	naplaćivati
course	tečaj
My coach charges twenty euros an hour for the course.	Moj trener naplaćuje tečaj dvadeset eura na sat.
to consume	trošiti
This car consumes five liters per hundred kilometers.	Ovaj auto troši pet litara na sto kilometara.
Is that dose of cream too much for my face?	Je li ta doza kreme previše za moje lice?
During the illness, they apply the medicine three times a week.	Tijekom bolesti, oni mažu lijek tri puta na tjedan.
Because of that speed, the car consumes too much fuel an hour.	Zbog te brzine, auto troši previše goriva na sat.
meter	metar
The bird flies ten meters a second.	Ptica leti deset metara na sekundu.
Our dog runs five meters a second.	Naš pas trči pet metara na sekundu.
Coaches in bigger cities charge thirty euros an hour.	Treneri u većim gradovima naplaćuju trideset eura na sat.
Language courses cost fifty euros a month.	Tečajevi jezika koštaju pedeset eura na mjesec.