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### Sun Gear and Shade

At the beach, you might want to rent (*iznajmiti*) a sunbed (*ležaljka*) or a parasol (*suncobran*). Feminine nouns like *ležaljka* take the accusative ending *-u* (*ležaljku*) as direct objects, while inanimate masculine nouns like *suncobran* remain unchanged.

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To state that a beach lacks shade (*hlad*), use *nema* (there is no) with the genitive case (*nema hlada*).

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### The Shallows, Shells, and Pebbles

The shallow water is the *plićak*, and many Croatian beaches are made of pebbles (*šljunak*). When indicating location with the prepositions *u* (in) and *na* (on), these masculine nouns take the locative ending *-u*: *u plićaku* and *na šljunku*.

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You might also spot a seashell (*školjka*) resting on the shore.

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### Diving

To talk about diving or snorkeling, use the imperfective verb *roniti*. You can combine it with conditional phrases like *radije bih ronio* (I would rather dive) to express a preference over another beach activity.

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### Marine Life and Safety

Two creatures to watch out for are the sea urchin (*ježinac*) and the jellyfish (*meduza*). To say there are urchins and jellyfish present, use *ima* (there is / there are) followed by the genitive plural: *ježinaca i meduza*.

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If you get stung or step on a creature, look for a lifeguard (*spasilac*). Stepping *onto* something implies motion, requiring the preposition *na* and the accusative case. Because *ježinac* is an animate masculine noun, its accusative form takes the *-a* ending (*na ježinca*).

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A Day at the Beach

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
sunbed	ležaljka
parasol	suncobran
shade	hlad
I want to rent a sunbed and a parasol for the shade.	Želim iznajmiti ležaljku i suncobran za hlad.
There is no shade on this beach.	Na ovoj plaži nema hlada.
Are those sunbeds and parasols free?	Jesu li te ležaljke i suncobrani slobodni?
shallows	plićak
The children are playing in the shallows.	Djeca se igraju u plićaku.
seashell	školjka
We found about ten seashells in the shallows.	Našli smo desetak školjaka u plićaku.
pebbles	šljunak
This beautiful seashell was lying on the pebbles.	Ova lijepa školjka je ležala na šljunku.
to dive (imperfective)	roniti
It is hard to walk on the pebbles, I would rather dive.	Teško je hodati po šljunku, radije bih ronio.
As a boy, he used to dive for hours.	Kao dječak, znao je satima roniti.
sea urchin	ježinac
jellyfish	meduza
Watch out, there are sea urchins and jellyfish here!	Pazi, ovdje ima ježinaca i meduza!
I got stung by a jellyfish, it hurts a lot!	Opekao sam se na meduzu, jako me boli!
lifeguard	spasilac
The lifeguard helped the boy because he stepped on a sea urchin.	Spasilac je pomogao dječaku jer je stao na ježinca.
The lifeguard is watching the beach carefully.	Spasilac pažljivo promatra plažu.