Breakdown of كلما كبر الطفل، كلما استوعب كلمات والده.
الal
the
هhu
his / him (object) / it (dummy pronoun after لأن)
طفلtifl
child
كلمةkalima
word
Questions & Answers about كلما كبر الطفل، كلما استوعب كلمات والده.
Why are the Arabic verbs in the past tense if the English translation says "grows" and "comprehends"?
The structure كلما ... كلما (the more... the more) requires verbs in the past tense, even when expressing a general truth or present action. That is why the past tense verbs كبر and استوعب are used here, even though we translate them to the present tense in English to sound natural.
Is it strictly necessary to repeat كلما in the second half of the sentence?
It is very common in modern Arabic to repeat كلما to mirror the English "the more... the more" structure, but the second one is actually optional! You could drop it and just say كلما كبر الطفل، استوعب and it would still mean the exact same thing.
Why would the object كلمات (words) take a kasra (i-sound) ending instead of a fatha (a-sound)?
Because it is a regular feminine plural ending in ـات. Normally, the object of a verb gets a fatha, but sound feminine plurals are a special exception: they take a kasra in both the object (accusative) and possessive (genitive) cases. It is a good rule to remember!
What kind of verb is استوعب (comprehends)?
It is a Form X (ten) verb, which you can usually recognize by the استـ at the beginning. The root is و ع ب. Form X verbs often carry the meaning of acquiring, seeking, or absorbing something, which perfectly matches the meaning of comprehending or taking in words.