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هذه أجمل مدينة في البلد.

هذه أجمل مدينة في البلد.hâdhihi ajmalu madînatin fil-balad
This is the most beautiful city in the country.
From Lesson 70:Superlative adjectives (أفعل)·Arabic (Modern Standard)

Questions & Answers about هذه أجمل مدينة في البلد.

Why is أجمل (masculine) used when describing مدينة (a feminine word)?
In this specific superlative structure, the adjective always takes the fixed pattern أفعل (like أجمل) and does not change to match the gender of the noun. Even though مدينة is feminine, we use the default masculine singular form أجمل.
How does the phrase أجمل مدينة work grammatically to mean 'the most beautiful city'?
It uses an Idafa (possession) structure. By putting the superlative word (أجمل) right before an indefinite singular noun (مدينة), it creates the meaning 'the most [adjective] [noun]'. This is the standard way to express this idea in Arabic.
If أجمل مدينة is an Idafa, what are the case endings on these words?
The first word in an Idafa takes the case ending for its role in the sentence. Here, أجمل is the core news of the sentence (the predicate), so it ends with a single damma (أجملُ). The second word in an Idafa is always in the genitive case, so مدينة ends with kasratayn (مدينةٍ).
Why is the word مدينة indefinite (without ال) if the English translation says 'THE most beautiful city'?
That is simply how this specific structure works in Arabic! When the superlative pattern أفعل is followed by an indefinite singular noun, it automatically translates as a definite phrase ('the most...') in English. Adding ال to the noun here would break this specific grammar rule.

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