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### Attached Pronouns

In Arabic, you do not use separate words to say "to him," "from us," or "for me." Instead, you attach a **pronoun suffix** directly to the end of the preposition. 

Here are the most common pronoun suffixes:

| Suffix | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
| ـي | me |
| ـك | you |
| ـه | him / it (masculine) |
| ـها | her / it (feminine) |
| ـنا | us |
| ـكم | you all (plural) |
| ـهم | them (plural) |

### Combining with "For" (لـ) and "From" (من)

When attaching these suffixes to standard prepositions like لـ (for/to) or من (from), they generally connect straight to the final letter.

- **لـ (for):** Becomes لي (for me), لك (for you), لكم (for you all).
- **من (from):** Becomes منه (from him) or منهم (from them).

*Note on spelling:* When attaching the suffix ـنا (us) to من (from), the two ن letters merge into one with a shadda (ّ), making منا (from us).

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### Prepositions Ending in Alif Maqsura (إلى and على)

Prepositions like إلى (to) and على (on) end in a letter that looks like a dotless *yaa* (ى), called Alif Maqsura. When you attach a pronoun suffix to these words, the ى "stands up" and changes into a regular ي.

- **إلى (to) + ـها = إليها** (to her / to it)
- **على (on) + ـها = عليها** (on her / on it)

*Tip:* Remember that all nouns in Arabic have a gender. When talking about objects, you will use ـه for masculine nouns and ـها for feminine nouns.

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### Prepositions Ending in regular letters (في and مع)

For prepositions like في (in) and مع (with), the suffixes attach predictably to the end of the word.

- **في (in) + ـه = فيه** (in him / in it)
- **مع (with) + ـها = معها** (with her / with it)

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Pronouns with prepositions

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

interrogative

noun

numeral

particle

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite article and locatives (الـ)

Basic noun gender (ة)

Sun and moon letters

Singular subject pronouns (أنا، أنت، هو، هي)

Indefinite nouns and nominal sentences (ـٌ)

Demonstrative pronouns for 'this' (هذا / هذه)

Separate prepositions (في، من، إلى، على)

Attributive adjectives

Predicative adjectives

Yes/No questions (هل، أ)

Basic questions (من، ما، أين)

Singular possessive pronouns (ـي، ـك، ـه، ـها)

Plural subject pronouns (نحن، أنتم، هم)

Plural possessive pronouns (ـنا، ـكم، ـهم)

Noun possession

Attached prepositions (بـ، لـ، كـ)

Having and possessing (عند، لـ، مع)

Regular plural nouns (ـون، ـين، ـات)

Broken plurals

Dual nouns (ـان / ـين)

Plural and distant demonstratives (هؤلاء، ذلك، تلك)

Non-human plural agreement

Present tense singular verbs

Verbal sentences (VSO)

Present tense plural verbs

Topicalized sentences (SVO)

The indefinite accusative case (ـاً)

Verb object pronouns (-ني، -ك، -ه)

Present tense negation (لا)

Question words with verbs (متى، كيف...)

Adverbs of time and place

The future tense (سـ / سوف)

Intentions and desires (أن)

Negating states and possession (ليس)

Past tense singular suffixes

Past tense plural suffixes

Negating past events (ما)

Singular commands

Numbers 1 to 10

Number agreement for 1 and 2 (واحد، اثنان)

Asking how many (كم)

Numbers 3 to 10 (ثلاثة إلى عشرة)

Ordinal numbers 1 to 10 (الأول، الثاني)

Basic conjunctions (فـ، أو، لكن)

Ordering at a café (واحد، اثنان)

Food and drink with conjunctions (و، ف، أو، لكن)

There is and there are (هناك / ليس هناك)

Direct address (يا)

Giving reasons (لأنّ)

Relative pronouns (الذي / التي)

Quantifiers (كل / بعض)

The past tense of 'to be' (كان)

Past possession

Numbers 11 to 19 and tens to 80

Telling time (الساعة)

This book vs this is a book (هذا الكتاب، هذا كتاب)

Greetings (مرحبا، السلام عليكم)

How are you? and goodbye (كيف حالك، مع السلامة)

Nationalities (مصري، مصرية)

Roots and patterns (كتب، كتاب، مكتب)

Politeness (من فضلك، آسف)

Complex possession chains

Colors and traits (أفعل / فعلاء)

Plural colors and traits (فُعْل)

Comparative adjectives (أفعل من)

Superlative adjectives (أفعل)

Adverbs of manner (ـاً)

The nominative case (ـُ)

The genitive case (ـِ)

The accusative case (ـَ)

Dual noun cases (ـان / ـين)

Masculine plurals and 'the best of' (أفضل النجارين)

Emphasizing sentences (إنّ)

Connecting clauses (أنّ)

Reporting speech (قال إنّ)

Expressing contrast (لكنّ)

Comparison and probability (كأنّ, لعلّ)

Distant plural pointing (أولئك)

Plural relative pronouns (الذين, اللواتي)

Past habits (كان + present)

Ongoing actions (ما زال)

Masculine plurals online (مبرمجون، مؤثرون)

Perfective past (قد)

Probability (قد)

The subjunctive mood (أن)

Expressing purpose (لـ)

Question	Answer
to send	أرسلarsala
letter / message	رسالةrisâla
mail	بريدbarîd
He sent the letter to her by mail.	أرسل الرسالة إليها بالبريد.arsala r-risâlata ilayhâ bil-barîd.
parcel	طردtard
heavy	ثقيلthaqîl
Is this heavy parcel for you?	هل هذا الطرد الثقيل لك؟hal hâdhâ at-tardu ath-thaqîlu laka?
to receive	استلمistalama
He received the parcel from us.	استلم الطرد منا.istalama at-tarda minnâ.
gift	هديةhadiyya
The girl received a beautiful gift from him.	استلمت البنت هدية جميلة منه.istalamati l-bintu hadiyyatan jamîlatan minhu
box	صندوقsundûq
light	خفيفkhafîf
The box is light. Is there a gift in it?	الصندوق خفيف. هل فيه هدية؟as-sundûqu khafîfun. hal fîhi hadiyyatun?
stamp	طابعtâbaʻ
The letter is here. Where is the postage stamp? It is on it.	الرسالة هنا. أين طابع البريد؟ هو عليها.ar-risâlatu hunâ. ayna tâbiu l-barîdi? huwa alayhâ.
He sent the letter and the gift with it.	أرسل الرسالة والهدية معها.arsala r-risâlata wal-hadiyyata ma'ahâ
The heavy box is for you all, and the light box is for me.	الصندوق الثقيل لكم، والصندوق الخفيف لي.assundûqu aththaqîlu lakum, wassundûqu alkhafîfu lî.
The manager sent a letter to us.	أرسل المدير رسالة إلينا.arsala al-mudîru risâlatan ilaynâ
The team received the parcel from them.	استلم الفريق الطرد منهم.istalama l-fariiqu t-tarda minhum.
Is this stamp for you? Yes, it is for me.	هل هذا الطابع لك؟ نعم، هو لي.hal hâdhâ at-tâbi'u laka? na'am, huwa lî.
address (postal, email)	عنوان
What is your address?	ما عنوانك؟
Her home address is on the parcel.	عنوان بيتها على الطرد.

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