Reported Questions

A reported question packages someone’s request for information inside another clause: คุณนิดถามว่ารถออกกี่โมง “Khun Nit asked what time the bus leaves.” ถาม reports the questioning event, ว่า opens its content, and กี่โมง remains in the time slot it would occupy in a direct Thai question.

Thai does not invert the embedded clause or backshift its verb. It preserves the inner question type—content, yes–no, alternative, or not-yet—and uses the outer predicate, participant reference, time expressions, and discourse context to locate the report.

Build an outer frame around the inner question

Outer frameInner question typeProductive report
ถามว่า...person/thing/place/timeถามว่าใครส่ง / ส่งอะไร / ส่งที่ไหน / ส่งเมื่อไร
ถามว่า...ไหมneutral polar choiceถามว่าร้านรับบัตรไหม
ถามว่า...หรือเปล่าexplicit positive–negative alternativeถามว่าของมาถึงหรือเปล่า
ถามว่า...หรือยังattained versus not-yetถามว่าส่งเอกสารหรือยัง
ถามว่า...หรือ...named alternativesถามว่าจะไปวันนี้หรือพรุ่งนี้
อยากรู้/ตรวจสอบว่า...unresolved informationอยากรู้ว่าใครมา / ตรวจสอบว่าล็อกหรือยัง

The inner marker is not redundant after ว่า. ว่า marks the complement boundary; กี่โมง, ไหม, หรือเปล่า, or หรือยัง identifies what remains unresolved.

ลูกค้าถามว่าพัสดุจะมาถึงวันไหนค่ะ

lukkha tham wa phatsadu cha ma thueng wan nai kha

The customer asked which day the parcel would arrive. (ordinary-polite report, female speaker; embedded time question)

หัวหน้าถามว่าใครแก้ตัวเลขในตารางครับ

huana tham wa khrai kae tua lek nai tarang khrap

The supervisor asked who corrected the figures in the table. (ordinary-polite report, male speaker; embedded subject question)

คุณอรถามว่าต้องส่งใบเสร็จให้ใครค่ะ

khun on tham wa tong song bai set hai khrai kha

Khun On asked whom the receipt should be sent to. (ordinary-polite report, female speaker; embedded recipient question)

The embedded-question guide develops this unchanged inner order across knowledge and checking predicates. Reported questions add the perspective of an earlier or separate questioner.

💡
First form the Thai question itself, then place ถามว่า before it and remove any polite particle that belonged only to the original direct turn. Do not rebuild the inner clause from English word order.

Direct quotation versus indirect report

A direct quotation reproduces the original speaker’s wording and particles. An indirect report represents the question’s content from the current reporter’s viewpoint.

คุณเอกถามว่า “พรุ่งนี้ประชุมกี่โมงครับ”

khun ek tham wa phrung ni prachum ki mong khrap

Khun Ek asked, ‘What time is the meeting tomorrow?’ (direct quotation; ครับ belongs to Khun Ek’s quoted turn)

คุณเอกถามว่าพรุ่งนี้ประชุมกี่โมงค่ะ

khun ek tham wa phrung ni prachum ki mong kha

Khun Ek asked what time the meeting was tomorrow. (ordinary-polite indirect report, female reporter; final ค่ะ belongs to the reporter)

Thai has no sequence-of-tense rule corresponding to English is → was. ประชุม does not change. The English translation chooses was because the asking is reported from a past viewpoint; Thai time comes from the surrounding discourse and พรุ่งนี้.

Deictic expressions may need lexical adjustment when the reporting time changes. If yesterday’s speaker said พรุ่งนี้, today’s reporter may say วันนี้, state the date, or use วันรุ่งขึ้น (neutral/formal) “the following day.” This is viewpoint management, not verb backshift.

Polar, alternative, and not-yet reports

พนักงานถามว่าคุณต้องการใบเสร็จไหมครับ

phanak ngan tham wa khun tongkan bai set mai khrap

The employee asked whether you wanted a receipt. (ordinary-polite report, male speaker; inner ไหม preserves the polar choice)

ฝ่ายขนส่งถามว่าสินค้าเสียหายหรือเปล่าค่ะ

fai khon song tham wa sinkha sia hai rue plao kha

The shipping department asked whether the goods were damaged. (ordinary-polite report, female speaker; explicit alternative frame)

ผู้จัดการถามว่าเราแจ้งลูกค้าแล้วหรือยังครับ

phuchatkan tham wa rao chaeng lukkha laeo rue yang khrap

The manager asked whether we had informed the customer yet. (ordinary-polite report, male speaker; attained/not-yet question)

เขาถามว่าจะประชุมออนไลน์หรือเจอกันที่สำนักงานค่ะ

khao tham wa cha prachum onlai rue choe kan thi samnakngan kha

She asked whether we would meet online or at the office. (ordinary-polite report, female speaker; named alternatives)

Do not replace every English whether with one Thai word. ไหม presents a neutral yes–no choice, หรือเปล่า makes the positive/negative alternative more explicit, หรือยัง asks whether an expected boundary has been reached, and หรือ coordinates stated choices.

Linker presence and omission

Overt ว่า is the robust standard after ถาม, especially when a new embedded subject follows or an addressee intervenes.

ผมถามเจ้าหน้าที่ว่ารถเที่ยวสุดท้ายออกเมื่อไรครับ

phom tham chaonathi wa rot thiao sutthai ok muearai khrap

I asked the officer when the last bus leaves. (ordinary-polite report, male speaker; addressee before overt complement boundary)

Without ว่า, ถามเจ้าหน้าที่รถ... invites an initial parse in which both nouns belong to the asking event. Conversational Thai can omit ว่า after some knowledge frames—ไม่รู้เขาจะมาหรือเปล่า (informal) “I don’t know whether he’ll come”—but a reported question with several participants strongly favors the visible boundary.

There is no general omitted English if. Removing both ว่า and the inner question marker turns the content into an assertion or an unclear verb string.

Subject sharing and reference shifts

The subject inside a reported question may be omitted when context makes it obvious, but ถามว่าจะกลับเมื่อไร does not grammatically encode who will return. With a single salient questioner, listeners may infer the same person; in a travel discussion, they may recover someone else.

คุณนิดถามว่าผู้อำนวยการจะกลับจากเชียงรายเมื่อไรค่ะ

khun nit tham wa phu amnuai kan cha klap chak chiang rai muearai kha

Khun Nit asked when the director would return from Chiang Rai. (ordinary-polite report, female speaker; different embedded subject stated overtly)

An overt เขา may still be ambiguous when two people are active. Repeat the name or role in formal minutes, travel arrangements, or instructions. Thai pronouns do not carry the gender agreement that English he/she sometimes uses to narrow reference.

Reported questions use interrogatives in their ordinary slots, not relative-clause gaps. A resumptive pronoun is therefore not required: ถามว่าใครมา contains subject ใคร, and ถามว่าคุณพบใคร contains object ใคร. Gap and resumption become relevant only if a separate topic is established around the question.

Outer and inner scope

Negation can deny that the questioning occurred or belong inside the content being questioned.

เขาไม่ได้ถามว่าร้านเปิดวันไหนครับ

khao mai dai tham wa ran poet wan nai khrap

He did not ask which day the shop opens. (ordinary-polite correction, male speaker; outer negation denies asking)

เขาถามว่าร้านไม่เปิดวันไหนครับ

khao tham wa ran mai poet wan nai khrap

He asked which day the shop is closed. (ordinary-polite report, male speaker; inner negation belongs to shop opening)

Similarly, ไม่ได้ถามว่า... is not the same as ถามว่า...ไม่ได้. Thai places negation and modality beside the predicate whose truth, ability, or realization is at issue; English auxiliary order is not a safe template.

Spoken and written reporting

Conversation often omits a recoverable reporter, addressee, or embedded subject. Formal reports retain roles and ว่า more consistently. Written minutes may use สอบถามว่า (formal) “inquire whether/what” or ขอทราบว่า (formal) “request to know,” while ordinary speech prefers ถามว่า or อยากรู้ว่า.

ที่ประชุมสอบถามว่าหน่วยงานจะดำเนินการแก้ไขเมื่อไร

thi prachum soptham wa nuai ngan cha damnoen kan kaekhai muearai

The meeting asked when the agency would take corrective action. (formal administrative report; explicit institutional subject and linker)

Formal wording does not require a special reported-question tense. It makes agency and clause boundaries explicit because the reader cannot ask the writer for immediate repair.

💡
The final ครับ/ค่ะ/คะ reflects the current whole turn. In indirect reporting, it does not copy the original questioner’s particle; in direct quotation, the particle inside the quotation belongs to the quoted speaker.

Ordinary-polite dialogue

Two colleagues relay questions from a client.

เมื่อกี้ลูกค้าถามอะไรบ้างคะ

muea ki lukkha tham arai bang kha

What did the client ask just now? (ordinary-polite direct question, female speaker)

เขาถามว่างานจะเสร็จวันไหนครับ

khao tham wa ngan cha set wan nai khrap

They asked which day the work would be finished. (ordinary-polite report, male speaker)

แล้วถามไหมคะว่าต้องส่งตัวอย่างเพิ่มหรือเปล่า

laeo tham mai kha wa tong song tuayang phoem rue plao

And did they ask whether more samples had to be sent? (ordinary-polite matrix question with embedded polar content, female speaker)

ถามครับ ผมตอบว่ายังไม่ต้องส่ง

tham khrap phom top wa yang mai tong song

Yes. I replied that they did not need to send any yet. (ordinary-polite reply, male speaker; sample object omitted as active)

Common Mistakes

1. Fronting the embedded object question word

❌ เธอถามว่าอะไรเราต้องเตรียมค่ะ

Incorrect—อะไร remains in the object slot of เตรียม inside the reported question.

✅ เธอถามว่าเราต้องเตรียมเอกสารอะไรค่ะ

thoe tham wa rao tong triam ekkasan arai kha

She asked what documents we needed to prepare. (ordinary-polite report, female speaker)

2. Dropping the inner polar marker

❌ เขาถามว่าร้านเปิดวันอาทิตย์ครับ

Wrong for intended ‘whether’—the ว่า-clause now looks like reported information.

✅ เขาถามว่าร้านเปิดวันอาทิตย์ไหมครับ

khao tham wa ran poet wan athit mai khrap

He asked whether the shop opens on Sunday. (ordinary-polite report, male speaker)

3. Copying English tense backshift

❌ เมื่อวานคุณอรถามว่าได้ร้านเปิดกี่โมงค่ะ

Incorrect—ได้ is not inserted to make an embedded Thai verb past.

✅ เมื่อวานคุณอรถามว่าร้านเปิดกี่โมงค่ะ

muea wan khun on tham wa ran poet ki mong kha

Yesterday Khun On asked what time the shop opened. (ordinary-polite report, female speaker)

4. Letting the original question determine the reporter’s particle

❌ ฉันยังไม่รู้ว่าลูกค้าถามเรื่องอะไรคะ

Wrong for an intended female statement—the current speaker is reporting uncertainty, not asking the listener.

✅ ฉันยังไม่รู้ว่าลูกค้าถามเรื่องอะไรค่ะ

chan yang mai ru wa lukkha tham rueang arai kha

I still do not know what the customer asked about. (ordinary-polite statement, female speaker)

5. Omitting a changed embedded subject

❌ คุณเอกถามว่าจะอนุมัติงบเมื่อไรครับ

Ambiguous if the intended approver is the board rather than Khun Ek.

✅ คุณเอกถามว่าคณะกรรมการจะอนุมัติงบเมื่อไรครับ

khun ek tham wa khana kammakan cha anumat ngop muearai khrap

Khun Ek asked when the committee would approve the budget. (formal-polite explicit report, male voice)

Key Takeaways

Reported questions place ถาม/สอบถาม + ว่า around an inner Thai question without changing its order or conjugating its predicates. Preserve the inner marker that distinguishes content, polar, alternative, and not-yet readings. State changed participants, manage deictic time lexically, and let the current whole turn—not the original question—determine final politeness.

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Related Topics

  • Embedded Questions without English Word-Order ChangeB2Place Thai content and yes–no questions inside speech, knowledge, uncertainty, and checking frames without English inversion or tense backshift.
  • Wh-Words Stay in Their Ordinary SlotA2Form Thai content questions by placing ใคร, อะไร, ไหน, เมื่อไร, and related expressions where the requested answer would ordinarily appear.
  • Alternative Questions with หรือB2Place หรือ between two or more proposed values, predicates, or clauses to ask the listener to choose an alternative rather than confirm a proposition.
  • ว่า Clauses after Speech and ThoughtB1Use ว่า to introduce the proposition spoken, thought, believed, or reported while keeping participant roles, viewpoint, and negation scope clear.
  • When ว่า Is OmittedB1Recognize conversational zero ว่า after selected speech and thought frames without losing the complement boundary or its participants.
  • Speech and Thought Frames with ว่าB2Introduce reported statements, thoughts, and questions with ว่า while tracking addressees, viewpoint, omission, and negation scope.