Слати — послати is the main Serbian aspect pair for sending messages, files, goods, money, or people. Imperfective слати presents repeated sending or a transfer in progress; perfective послати presents one dispatch as completed. Its full frame distinguishes the accusative item or person sent, a dative recipient, a spatial destination, and the channel used.
Principal forms
| Form | слати (imperfective) | послати (perfective) |
|---|---|---|
| present | шаљем, шаљеш, шаље, шаљемо, шаљете, шаљу | пошаљем, пошаљеш, пошаље, пошаљемо, пошаљете, пошаљу |
| l-participle | слао / слала | послао / послала |
| imperative | шаљи, шаљимо, шаљите | пошаљи, пошаљимо, пошаљите |
| future, 1st singular | слаћу | послаћу |
The infinitives hide the present stem: learn слати — шаљем — шаљу — слао/слала — шаљи — слаћу and add по- across the perfective present and imperative. The perfective l-participle returns to послао/послала, not пошаљао.
Сваког петка шаљемо клијентима кратак извештај о напретку.
Every Friday we send clients a short progress report.
Послала сам ти фотографије чим сам стигла у хотел.
I sent you the photos as soon as I reached the hotel. (female speaker)
Theme in the accusative, recipient in the dative
The message or object transferred is accusative; the person or institution receiving it is dative. Serbian needs no preposition equivalent to English to before that recipient.
Рачуноводство је добављачу послало исправљену фактуру.
Accounting sent the supplier a corrected invoice.
Можеш ли да пошаљеш Ани адресу ресторана?
Can you send Ana the restaurant's address?
In the first sentence, neuter рачуноводство controls послало; dative добављачу names the recipient; accusative исправљену фактуру names the theme.
This is a standard dative transfer construction.
Aspect: repeated dispatch versus one sent item
Use слати for a routine, several dispatches, an event viewed while it unfolds, or a general instruction. Use послати when one item has been dispatched or one person has been sent.
Док сам слао велике датотеке, интернет веза се два пута прекинула.
While I was sending the large files, the internet connection dropped twice. (male speaker)
Чим пошаљете потписан образац, добићете потврду пријема.
As soon as you send the signed form, you'll receive confirmation.
Perfective present пошаљете after чим refers to one future completed dispatch. It cannot normally mean you are sending right now.
Раније ми је слао дуге поруке, а јутрос је послао само једну реченицу.
He used to send me long messages, but this morning he sent only one sentence.
The repeated background selects слао; the single bounded event selects послао.
Destination and channel are separate
A dative recipient identifies who receives the item. A prepositional phrase can instead or additionally name the spatial or digital destination: у канцеларију, на адресу, на сервер, у групу.
Пошаљите оригинал у нашу канцеларију, а скенирану копију на ову адресу.
Send the original to our office and a scanned copy to this address. (plural or polite)
The transmission channel is usually instrumental or a преко-phrase: поштом, електронском поштом, курирском службом, преко апликације.
Уговор смо послали курирском службом, а број пошиљке електронском поштом.
We sent the contract by courier and the tracking number by email.
Do not use the instrumental channel as though it were the recipient. Послати поштом says how; послати пошти would mean send something to the post office.
Sending a person
An animate accusative can be the person dispatched: послати колегу, послати лекарку. The destination or task then follows separately.
Директор је послао новог колегу у Ниш на дводневну обуку.
The director sent the new colleague to Niš for a two-day training course.
Послали су техничара да провери зашто се сервер гаси.
They sent a technician to check why the server keeps shutting down.
Purpose can be да + present, as above, or a same-subject infinitive in contexts that favor it. Everyday Serbian strongly favors да провери here.
Послати некога по + accusative means send someone to fetch a person or thing.
Послала је брата по лекове док је она чекала с дететом.
She sent her brother to get the medicine while she waited with the child.
With a masculine animate noun, по лекара means to fetch the doctor; with an inanimate noun, по хлеб means to get bread.
Clitic clusters, including feminine ју
Dative recipient precedes accusative theme in the second-position cluster.
Тражио си нацрт, па сам ти га послао пре састанка.
You asked for the draft, so I sent it to you before the meeting. (male speaker)
For a feminine singular object, accusative clitic је is common when no auxiliary је follows: Пошаљи ми је means Send it to me. Before auxiliary је, Serbian uses ју to avoid је је.
Марко ми ју је послао јуче, али је још нисам прочитала.
Marko sent it to me yesterday, but I haven't read it yet. (ју refers to a feminine item such as поруку; female speaker)
The cluster is dative ми + accusative ју + auxiliary је. In the second clause, accusative је precedes negative auxiliary нисам, so no је је collision arises.
Passive се and ordinary reflexivity
Instructions and process descriptions often suppress the sender with се. The sent item becomes the grammatical subject and controls agreement.
Потврде се шаљу аутоматски у року од неколико минута.
Confirmations are sent automatically within a few minutes.
Singular would be потврда се шаље. Ordinary active sending is not reflexive: шаљем поруку, not шаљем се поруку. For reciprocal exchange, Serbian naturally says шаљемо једни другима поруке or uses a more specific verb such as дописивати се.
Related verbs and lexical precision
Several related verbs add meaning beyond simple aspect:
| Verb | Added meaning |
|---|---|
| прослеђивати — проследити | forward something already received |
| упућивати — упутити | direct, refer, or formally send |
| отпремати — отпремити | dispatch goods or prepare them for shipment |
| одашиљати — одаслати | send out/broadcast, often formal or literary |
Ако порука стигне на општу адресу, проследите је правној служби.
If the message reaches the general address, forward it to the legal department. (formal instruction)
English text someone is usually послати некоме поруку or писати некоме. Bare послати некога means dispatch that person somewhere, not send them a text.
Commands and a micro-dialogue
Perfective пошаљи/пошаљите requests one completed dispatch. Imperfective шаљи can establish repetition or insist on continued sending.
Шаљи ми фотографије током радова да видим како напредују.
Keep sending me photos during the work so I can see how it is progressing.
„Коме да пошаљем коначну верзију?“ — „Пошаљи је Ивани, а мени проследи само потврду.“ — „Хоћу, послаћу све до поднева.“
‘Who should I send the final version to?’ — ‘Send it to Ivana, and forward only the confirmation to me.’ — ‘I will; I'll send everything by noon.’
Practice Tasks
Task 1: Fill every slot
Translate The editor sent the photographer the contract by email. Identify nominative sender, dative recipient, accusative theme, and instrumental channel. Then replace recipient and theme with clitics.
Task 2: Send a person or send a message?
Write one sentence meaning I sent Ana a message and another meaning I sent Ana to the post office. Explain why Ana changes from dative to accusative.
Common Mistakes
❌ Сваког понедељка слам клијенту извештај.
Incorrect present stem — слати has шаљем.
✅ Сваког понедељка шаљем клијенту извештај.
Every Monday I send the client a report.
❌ Послала сам за Ани поруку.
Incorrect recipient marking — use dative Ани without за.
✅ Послала сам Ани поруку.
I sent Ana a message. (female speaker)
❌ Желим да пошаљем им рачун вечерас.
Incorrect clitic placement — after да, weak dative им comes before the lexical verb.
✅ Желим да им пошаљем рачун вечерас.
I want to send them the invoice tonight.
❌ Марко ми је је послао јуче.
Incorrect feminine-clitic cluster — use ју before auxiliary је.
✅ Марко ми ју је послао јуче.
Marko sent it to me yesterday. (feminine object)
❌ Послао сам Милошу у пошту да преда пакет.
Wrong case for the person dispatched — Милош must be animate accusative.
✅ Послао сам Милоша у пошту да преда пакет.
I sent Miloš to the post office to hand in a parcel. (male speaker)
Key Takeaways
- Memorize the stem alternation слати — шаљем — слао — шаљи and perfective послати — пошаљем — послао — пошаљи.
- The sent theme or person is accusative; the recipient is dative; destinations and channels are separate phrases.
- Слати presents repetition or process, while послати counts one dispatch as completed.
- Dative precedes accusative in clitic clusters; feminine ју appears before auxiliary је.
- Use проследити, упутити, or отпремити when forwarding, formal direction, or commercial dispatch is the intended meaning.
Now practice Serbian
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Start learning Serbian →Related Topics
- Dative: The Indirect ObjectA2 — The recipient/beneficiary role — 'to/for someone'.
- Accusative: The Direct ObjectA1 — The accusative as the default object of transitive verbs.
- The Order Within the Clitic ClusterB1 — The fixed sequence: li > aux > dat > acc/gen > se > je.
- Forming Aspect Pairs: PrefixationB1 — How perfectives are built by adding a prefix.
- The se-Passive and Impersonal ConstructionsB1 — Expressing 'one does / it is done' with se.