बंद करना is the common transitive predicate for close, shut, switch off, stop, or discontinue. बंद is an indeclinable adjective meaning closed, off, or stopped; करना supplies the verbal inflection and introduces the actor who causes something to enter that state.
An indeclinable adjective plus करना
बंद never changes for gender or number. All tense, aspect, agreement, and mood marking appears on करना.
| Category | Forms |
|---|---|
| infinitive | बंद करना |
| habitual | बंद करता / बंद करती / बंद करते |
| progressive | बंद कर रहा / बंद कर रही / बंद कर रहे |
| perfective | बंद किया / बंद की / बंद किए / बंद कीं |
| conjunctive | बंद करके |
| simultaneous participle | बंद करते हुए |
| prospective | बंद करने वाला / बंद करने वाली / बंद करने वाले |
चौकीदार हर रात दस बजे मुख्य फाटक बंद करता है।
caukīdār har rāt das baje mukhya fāṭak band kartā hai.
The guard closes the main gate every night at ten.
मैं रसोई की बत्ती बंद कर रही हूँ।
maĩ rasoī kī battī band kar rahī hū̃.
I'm switching off the kitchen light. (female speaker)
The adjective describes the target state; करना contributes causation. The general architecture is described under adjective plus होना and करना.
What can be बंद किया?
Physical openings, appliances, services, businesses, roads, accounts, programs, and activities can all be made बंद. English chooses “close,” “turn off,” “shut down,” or “stop,” but Hindi often keeps the same predicate.
कृपया जाते समय पंखा और एसी बंद कर दीजिए।
kripyā jāte samay paṅkhā aur esī band kar dījie.
Please switch off the fan and air conditioner when you leave.
नगर निगम ने मरम्मत के लिए सड़क बंद कर दी।
nagar nigam ne marammat ke lie saṛak band kar dī.
The municipal corporation closed the road for repairs.
Closing an openable object can also use बंद करना rather than a special opposite of खोलना. The intended English verb follows from the object.
बंद करना versus बंद होना
A ने X बंद किया names a causer; X बंद हुआ or X बंद है presents the change or state without an external actor. Compare this with खोलना–खुलना, where separate stems encode the same valency difference.
तकनीशियन ने मशीन बंद की, लेकिन कुछ देर बाद वह अपने आप बंद हो गई।
taknīśiyan ne maśīn band kī, lekin kuch der bād vah apne āp band ho gaī.
The technician switched the machine off, but later it shut down by itself.
In the first clause, feminine मशीन controls transitive perfective की after the technician takes ने. In the second, the machine is an unmarked intransitive subject and controls हो गई.
Perfective alignment and agreement
Because करना is transitive here, a perfective actor takes ने. An unmarked object can control the करना participle: दरवाज़ा बंद किया, खिड़की बंद की, फाटक बंद किए, दुकानें बंद कीं. A को-marked object blocks agreement and gives default बंद किया.
सुरक्षा-कर्मी ने दोनों खिड़कियाँ बंद कीं।
surakṣā-karmī ne donoṃ khiṛkiyā̃ band kīṃ.
The security guard closed both windows.
प्रशासक ने उस खाते को बंद किया।
praśāsak ne us khāte ko band kiyā.
The administrator closed that account.
The form is not invariably बंद किया. Agreement remains visible because बंद is outside the inflecting verb and does not block the usual perfective rules.
Future and subjunctive
| Person | Subjunctive | Future masculine | Future feminine |
|---|---|---|---|
| मैं | बंद करूँ | बंद करूँगा | बंद करूँगी |
| तुम | बंद करो | बंद करोगे | बंद करोगी |
| यह / वह | बंद करे | बंद करेगा | बंद करेगी |
| हम / आप / ये / वे | बंद करें | बंद करेंगे | बंद करेंगी |
अगर बारिश तेज़ हुई तो हम छत वाला हिस्सा बंद करेंगे।
agar bāriś tez huī to ham chat vālā hissā band kareṅge.
If the rain gets heavy, we'll close the rooftop section.
ज़रूरी है कि कर्मचारी सारी मशीनें बंद करें।
zarūrī hai ki karmacārī sārī maśīneṃ band kareṃ.
It is essential that the employees switch off all the machines.
Imperatives and participles
Imperatives inherit the करना levels: intimate बंद कर, familiar बंद करो, respectful बंद कीजिए. Standard करिए also occurs, but कीजिए is especially frequent in polite instructions.
दरवाज़ा धीरे से बंद कीजिए; बच्चा सो रहा है।
darvāzā dhīre se band kījie; baccā so rahā hai.
Please close the door quietly; the child is sleeping.
Participles include बंद किया हुआ, बंद करते हुए, बंद करके, and बंद करने वाला.
बंद की हुई दुकान के बाहर कुछ लोग इंतज़ार कर रहे थे।
band kī huī dukān ke bāhar kuch log intazār kar rahe the.
Some people were waiting outside the shop that had been closed.
बंद कर देना, causation, and idiom
बंद कर देना presents decisive or complete cessation and can sound stronger than plain बंद करना. The final देना bears inflection.
लगातार शिकायतों के बाद कंपनी ने सेवा बंद कर दी।
lagātār śikāyatoṃ ke bād kampanī ne sevā band kar dī.
After repeated complaints, the company discontinued the service.
To arrange closure through someone else, use बंद करवाना; बंद कराना can also express causing or securing closure. The intermediary normally takes से.
मालिक ने कर्मचारी से गोदाम बंद करवाया।
mālik ne karmacārī se godām band karvāyā.
The owner had an employee close the warehouse.
Figurative किसी का मुँह बंद करना means silence someone and can sound coercive or hostile (informal, critical).
Common Mistakes
❌ रीना ने खिड़की बंद किया।
Incorrect — unmarked feminine खिड़की controls की.
✅ रीना ने खिड़की बंद की।
rīnā ne khiṛkī band kī.
Reena closed the window.
❌ दोनों दुकानें बंद किया।
Incorrect for spontaneous closure — use बंद होना with feminine plural agreement.
✅ दोनों दुकानें बंद हुईं।
donoṃ dukāneṃ band huīṃ.
Both shops closed.
❌ आप फ़ोन बंद करो।
Incorrect — respectful आप requires a respectful imperative, not familiar करो.
✅ आप फ़ोन बंद कीजिए।
āp fon band kījie.
Please switch off the phone. (respectful)
❌ उन्होंने बंदें दुकानें देखीं।
Incorrect — बंद is indeclinable and never takes an agreement ending.
✅ उन्होंने बंद दुकानें देखीं।
unhoṃne band dukāneṃ dekhīṃ.
They saw the closed shops. (honorific)
Key Takeaways
बंद करना is an indeclinable-adjective-plus-करना predicate. It is transitive: perfective actors take ने, and eligible objects control the inflected form of करना. बंद होना is intransitive, बंद कर देना emphasizes decisive cessation, and बंद करवाना adds an arranger and intermediary.
Related Topics
- Adjective plus होना and करनाB2 — Contrast adjective plus होना for states and changes with adjective plus करना for causing an entity to reach that state.
- Perfective of करनाA2 — Use irregular किया, की, किए, and कीं in simple and auxiliary-bearing perfectives, with agreement determined by object marking.
- Transitive perfective with नेA2 — Mark the actor with ने in canonical transitive perfectives and choose verb agreement from the eligible object rather than the semantic doer.
- Perfective object agreementA2 — Make a transitive perfective agree with an eligible unmarked direct object after ने, including gender-number and auxiliary-bearing forms.
- खोलना kholnā: to open transitiveB1 — Reference खोलना as the transitive member of the खुलना–खोलना family, with object agreement, completive compounds, and causatives.
- करना कराना करवाना contrastsB2 — Distinguish doing an action, causing it directly, and arranging for it through करना, कराना, and करवाना.