Conèixer-se combines irregular conèixer with a reflexive or reciprocal weak pronoun. Its most frequent reciprocal meanings are “to know one another” and, in a bounded past, “to meet”: ens coneixem de fa anys versus ens vam conèixer el 2019. In the singular, the genuinely reflexive meaning is “to know oneself”: em conec prou bé.
The verb keeps the stem family of plain conèixer: conec – coneixia – coneguí – coneixeré – conegui – conegués – conegut. The pronoun does not create a new conjugation, but it changes position: before a finite verb or auxiliary, after an infinitive, gerund, or affirmative imperative. English uses separate phrases—“myself,” “each other”—where Catalan weak pronouns are structurally required.
Nonfinite forms and pronoun placement
| Form | Catalan | English guide |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | conèixer-se | to know oneself / one another; to meet |
| Perfect infinitive | haver-se conegut | to have known one another / met |
| Gerund | coneixent-se | knowing / getting to know one another |
| Perfect gerund | havent-se conegut | having met |
| Participle | conegut; coneguda, coneguts, conegudes | known |
The citation form has attached -se, but person-specific forms use em, et, es, ens, us, es. In compound finite tenses, the pronoun precedes haver: ens hem conegut, never hem conegut-nos. After haver, conegut is normally invariable even with a feminine or plural subject.
Després d'haver-se conegut per internet, van quedar per prendre un cafè.
After meeting online, they arranged to have coffee.
Indicative: simple and periphrastic tenses
| Tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | em conec | et coneixes | es coneix | ens coneixem | us coneixeu | es coneixen |
| Imperfect | em coneixia | et coneixies | es coneixia | ens coneixíem | us coneixíeu | es coneixien |
| Periphrastic past | em vaig conèixer | et vas conèixer | es va conèixer | ens vam conèixer | us vau conèixer | es van conèixer |
| Simple past | em coneguí | et conegueres | es conegué | ens coneguérem | us coneguéreu | es conegueren |
| Future | em coneixeré | et coneixeràs | es coneixerà | ens coneixerem | us coneixereu | es coneixeran |
| Conditional | em coneixeria | et coneixeries | es coneixeria | ens coneixeríem | us coneixeríeu | es coneixerien |
In reciprocal use, singular cells are structurally possible but semantically inappropriate: one person cannot “know one another.” Singular em conec is reflexive self-knowledge; plural ens coneixem is normally reciprocal. The periphrastic past often marks the first encounter, whereas present and imperfect describe an established acquaintance.
Ens coneixem de vista, però no hem parlat mai amb calma.
We know each other by sight, but we have never had a proper conversation.
Llavors encara no es coneixien i seien en taules diferents.
Back then they did not know each other yet and sat at different tables.
Ens vam conèixer fent cua per entrar en un concert.
We met while queuing to get into a concert.
Amb unes quantes sessions, els dos equips es coneixeran millor.
After a few sessions, the two teams will know each other better.
The simple past (ens coneguérem) is (formal/literary) in much Central Catalan and remains more alive in some regional traditions. In ordinary conversation, ens vam conèixer is the unmarked completed-past form.
Compound tenses
| Indicative tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present perfect | m'he conegut | t'has conegut | s'ha conegut | ens hem conegut | us heu conegut | s'han conegut |
| Pluperfect | m'havia conegut | t'havies conegut | s'havia conegut | ens havíem conegut | us havíeu conegut | s'havien conegut |
| Past anterior | m'haguí conegut | t'hagueres conegut | s'hagué conegut | ens haguérem conegut | us haguéreu conegut | s'hagueren conegut |
| Future perfect | m'hauré conegut | t'hauràs conegut | s'haurà conegut | ens haurem conegut | us haureu conegut | s'hauran conegut |
| Conditional perfect | m'hauria conegut | t'hauries conegut | s'hauria conegut | ens hauríem conegut | us hauríeu conegut | s'haurien conegut |
The apostrophes follow normal elision before haver: m'he, t'has, s'ha. No apostrophe appears in ens hem or us heu. The past anterior and the periphrastic series ens vam haver conegut are (formal/literary) and rare; the ordinary perfect and pluperfect are much more useful.
Les dues investigadores s'han conegut avui durant la taula rodona.
The two researchers met today during the panel discussion.
Ja ens havíem conegut en unes jornades, però no recordàvem els noms.
We had already met at a conference, but we did not remember the names.
Subjunctive and imperative
| Subjunctive tense | jo | tu | ell / ella / vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres | ells / elles / vostès |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | em conegui | et coneguis | es conegui | ens coneguem | us conegueu | es coneguin |
| Imperfect | em conegués | et coneguessis | es conegués | ens coneguéssim | us coneguéssiu | es coneguessin |
| Present perfect | m'hagi conegut | t'hagis conegut | s'hagi conegut | ens hàgim conegut | us hàgiu conegut | s'hagin conegut |
| Pluperfect | m'hagués conegut | t'haguessis conegut | s'hagués conegut | ens haguéssim conegut | us haguéssiu conegut | s'haguessin conegut |
| Addressee | Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| tu | coneix-te | no et coneguis |
| vostè | conegui's | no es conegui |
| nosaltres | coneguem-nos | no ens coneguem |
| vosaltres | coneixeu-vos | no us conegueu |
| vostès | coneguin-se | no es coneguin |
Affirmative commands attach the pronoun; negative commands put it before the verb. Imperatives are most natural with the reflexive sense (coneix-te a tu mateix) or an invitation to become acquainted (coneguem-nos millor). The periphrastic subjunctives (ens vàgim conèixer; ens vàgim haver conegut) are (regional/formal) and strongly marked.
Abans de repartir les tasques, convé que us conegueu una mica millor.
Before dividing up the tasks, it is useful for you to get to know one another a little better.
Coneix-te bé abans d'acceptar una feina que t'exigirà tant.
Know yourself well before accepting a job that will demand so much of you.
Reciprocal, reflexive, and first-encounter readings
The reciprocal construction describes a symmetric relation: la Bruna i l'Oriol es coneixen means that each knows the other. English spells out “each other”; Catalan normally relies on the plural subject plus ens, us, or es. If emphasis or disambiguation is needed, add l'un a l'altre / l'una a l'altra / els uns als altres.
Tot i competir pel mateix lloc, es coneixen i es respecten mútuament.
Although they are competing for the same position, they know and respect each other.
The reflexive reading involves knowledge of one's own character, limits, or reactions: em conec; es coneix molt bé. It cannot be replaced by plain conèixer without supplying a direct object. Conversely, conec l'Arnau has a direct object and does not take a subject-matching weak pronoun.
Perfective aspect often turns acquaintance into an encounter. Ens coneixíem means “we knew each other,” while ens vam conèixer normally means “we met.” But for an arranged meeting at a future time, use quedar or trobar-se, not future conèixer-se: English “meet me at six” is queda amb mi a les sis or troba't amb mi a les sis.
The characteristic collocations are conèixer-se de vista, conèixer-se de fa anys, conèixer-se en persona, and conèixer-se a un mateix. In the corresponding nonpronominal construction, a human direct object does not automatically receive Spanish-style personal a: conec l'Arnau, not conec a l'Arnau in this neutral order.
(Regional: Valencian) writes the infinitive conéixer-se and uses present subjunctive em conega, et conegues, es conega, ens coneguem, us conegueu, es coneguen; imperfect em coneguera... is standard. These are (formal AVL) forms. Central conèixer-se / conegui / conegués is the baseline.
Common Mistakes
❌ Nos coneixem des que anàvem a primària.
Incorrect in the general standard—the first-person plural weak pronoun is ens, not nos before the verb.
✅ Ens coneixem des que anàvem a primària.
We have known each other since primary school.
❌ Les dues arquitectes s'han conegudes aquest matí.
Incorrect—the participle after haver is normally invariable.
✅ Les dues arquitectes s'han conegut aquest matí.
The two architects met this morning.
❌ Ens vam conèixer-nos en una assemblea de veïns.
Incorrect—the same reciprocal clitic is expressed twice, before the auxiliary and after the infinitive.
✅ Ens vam conèixer en una assemblea de veïns.
We met at a neighborhood meeting.
❌ La Júlia i jo coneixem des de fa molt de temps.
Incorrect for ‘know each other’—the reciprocal pronoun is required.
✅ La Júlia i jo ens coneixem des de fa molt de temps.
Júlia and I have known each other for a long time.
❌ Com que ja ens coneixem, ens coneixerem demà a les sis davant del cinema.
Incorrect for an arranged meeting between existing acquaintances—future conèixer-se means that the acquaintance will begin or develop.
✅ Quedarem demà a les sis davant del cinema.
We will meet tomorrow at six in front of the cinema.
Key Takeaways
Conjugate the irregular verb first, then place the matching weak pronoun. Use conèixer-se reciprocally for an existing acquaintance, reflexively for self-knowledge, and in a perfective past for the first meeting. Keep the clitic before finite auxiliaries, attach it to nonfinite forms and affirmative commands, and leave conegut invariable after haver.
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Start learning Catalan →Related Topics
- Conjugation of conèixerA2 — Complete contemporary conjugation of conèixer for acquaintance, familiarity, first meetings, expertise, and its velar stem family.
- Reflexive Weak PronounsA2 — Use em, et, es, ens, and us when an action returns to its subject, including body-care patterns and strong self-forms.
- Reciprocal PronounsA2 — Express mutual action with plural weak pronouns and disambiguate it with l'un a l'altre and related reciprocal phrases.
- Inherently Pronominal VerbsA2 — Recognize Catalan verbs whose weak reflexive pronoun is part of the verb itself, and use them with the right person, complement, and placement.
- Weak Pronouns with the Periphrastic PastB1 — Place Catalan weak pronouns before the past auxiliary or, where licensed, attach them to the infinitive.
- Saber or Conèixer?B2 — Choose saber for information and abilities, and conèixer for acquaintance, familiarity, people, places, works, and domains.