Ottoman scientists considered scientific study a form of religious devotion and conducted research in a variety of areas, especially medicine and astronomy. Science was strictly controlled by religious authorities, who could suppress discoveries that contradicted religious doctrine. Scientific research was restricted to Muslims; bright students who were members of a millet had to convert to Islam to participate. Ottoman military technology got better over time, but weaponry became heavier and required new methods of transportation.

Ottoman scientists considered scientific study a form of religious devotion and conducted research in a variety of areas, especially medicine and astronomy.