Turkish

<p>
        In Turkish, we can express the English verb <strong>to be</strong> by adding a suffix to the end of a noun or adjective.
        Which suffix we add depends on the subject the verb applies to.
    </p>

    <table class="ui fixed celled definition table">
        <thead>
			<tr>
				<th></th>
				<th>Singular</th>
				<th>Plural</th>
			</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>First person</td>
				<td>(y)İm</td>
				<td>(y)İz</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Second person</td>
				<td>sİn</td>
				<td>sİnİz</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Third person</td>
				<td></td>
				<td>(lEr)</td>
			</tr>
    	</tbody>
	</table>

    <p>
        The <strong>y</strong> is between parentheses as usual, since it is only present as a buffer letter to prevent two vowels from ending up next to each other.
    </p>

    <p>
        Below you can see the suffix for <strong>to be</strong> applied to several words. Here <strong>Kişiyim</strong>
        for example means <strong>I am a person</strong>, and <strong>Kadınız</strong> means <strong>We are women</strong>.
        You can guess the rest of the meanings yourself.
    </p>

    <p>
        Note that nouns ending in <strong>ç</strong>, <strong>p</strong>, <strong>t</strong> or <strong>k</strong> can change when followed by a vowel.
        Their last letter can change into <strong>c</strong>, <strong>b</strong>, <strong>d</strong> and <strong>ğ or g</strong> respectively.
        As a general rule, nouns consisting of multiple syllables change their last letter, and nouns consisting of single syllables don't.
        However, there are plenty of exceptions to this rule, which you will need to memorize.
    </p>

    <table class="ui celled definition table">
        <thead>
			<tr>
				<th></th>
				<th>Suffix</th>
				<th>Kişi</th>
				<th>Gül</th>
				<th>Çocuk</th>
				<th>Ağaç.</th>
			</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>Ben</td>
				<td>(y)İm</td>
				<td>Kişiyim.</td>
				<td>Gülüm.</td>
				<td>Çocuğum.</td>
				<td>Ağacım.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Sen</td>
				<td>sİn</td>
				<td>Kişisin.</td>
				<td>Gülsün.</td>
				<td>Çocuksun.</td>
				<td>Ağaçsın.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>O</td>
				<td></td>
				<td>Kişi.</td>
				<td>Gül.</td>
				<td>Çocuk.</td>
				<td>Ağaç.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Biz</td>
				<td>(y)İz</td>
				<td>Kişiyiz.</td>
				<td>Gülüz.</td>
				<td>Çocuğuz.</td>
				<td>Ağacız.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Siz</td>
				<td>sİnİz</td>
				<td>Kişisiniz.</td>
				<td>Gülsünüz.</td>
				<td>Çocuksunuz.</td>
				<td>Ağaçsınız.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Onlar</td>
				<td>(lEr)</td>
				<td>Kişi(ler).</td>
				<td>Gül(ler).</td>
				<td>Çocuk(lar).</td>
				<td>Ağaç(lar).</td>
			</tr>
		</tbody>
	</table>

    <p>
        Again, the <strong>lEr</strong> at the end of the third person plural is not always present. We don't use <strong>lEr</strong> when speaking about inanimate objects.
        When referring to humans or animals, <strong>lEr</strong> is optional and is often not used when the subject is present in the sentence, already indicating plurality.
    </p>

The verb "to be"

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

(O) (bir) köpek.

Breakdown of (O) (bir) köpek.