Chinese (Mandarin)

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Persian, Dari

Persian, Western

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

Besides the informal singular form, Turkish has two different forms of the imperative.
 The second form is used to address multiple persons, and can also be used to formally address a single person,
 for example if the person is your superior, older than you, or a stranger. It consists of the stem plus a suffix,
 which depends on the last vowel in this stem.
 

 
 In total there are three forms to give orders to a person using the imperative form:
 

 <ol>
 <li>The first form is used for addressing a single person informally</li>
 <li>The second form is used for addressing a single person politely or multiple people informally</li>
 <li>The third form is used mainly in official language for addressing a single person or multiple people very politely</li>
 </ol>

 
 The three forms all have their own grammar:
 

 <ol>
 <li>The first form consists of the verb stem</li>
 <li>The second form consists of the verb stem + (y)İn</li>
 <li>The third form consists of the verb stem + (y)İnİz</li>
 </ol>

 
 The İ's are written with capital letters above, because they change depending on the last vowel in the stem:
 

 <table class="ui celled definition table">
 <tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>Last vowel in stem</td>
				<td>i or e</td>
				<td>ı or a</td>
				<td>u or o</td>
				<td>ü or ö</td>
 	</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Suffix</td>
				<td>(y)in / (y)iniz</td>
				<td>(y)ın / (y)ınız</td>
				<td>(y)un / (y)unuz</td>
				<td>(y)ün / (y)ünüz</td>
			</tr>
 	</tbody>
	</table>

 
 The y is between parentheses here, because it is only present in case the stem ends in a vowel.
 It acts as a buffer letter to prevent two vowels ending up next to each other.
 

 Beneath you can see some examples of the three forms:

 <table class="ui celled table">
 <thead>
			<tr>
				<th>English</th>
				<th>First form</th>
				<th>Second form</th>
				<th>Third form</th>
			</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>Come.</td>
				<td>Gel.</td>
				<td>Gelin.</td>
				<td>Geliniz.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Buy tea.</td>
				<td>Çay al.</td>
				<td>Çay alın.</td>
				<td>Çay alınız.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Walk.</td>
				<td>Yürü.</td>
				<td>Yürüyün.</td>
				<td>Yürüyünüz.</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>Read a book.</td>
				<td>(Bir) kitap oku.</td>
				<td>(Bir) kitap okuyun.</td>
				<td>(Bir) kitap okuyunuz.</td>
			</tr>
 	</tbody>
	</table>

 
 The way in which the İ changes between i, ı, u and ü, depending on the preceding vowel, is called the major vowel harmony.
 Major vowel harmony will recur again and again in the Turkish language and might seem difficult at first, but you will quickly learn to use it with ease.

The imperative and major vowel harmony

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

phrase

postposition

pronoun

sentence

Unknown

verb

VERB - ablative

VERB - accusative

VERB - auxiliary

VERB - dative

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - locative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - transitive, non-causative

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Home

Question	Answer
please	lütfen
Come please.	Gelin lütfen.
Come.	Geliniz.
Walk.	Yürüyün.
Walk.	Yürüyünüz.
lesson, class, course	ders
to study	ders çalışmak
Study.	Ders çalış.
to buy	almak
Buy tea.	Çay alın.
cup	fincan
a cup of tea	bir fincan çay
Please drink a cup of tea.	Lütfen bir fincan çay içiniz.
Read a book.	(Bir) kitap okuyunuz.
to stay	kalmak
Please stay.	Lütfen kalın.

Contributors