Definite determiners

QuestionAnswer
this/these
bu
that/thoseIN SIGHT
şu
that/thoseNOT NECESSARILY IN SIGHT
o
every
her
all, the whole (of)
bütün

Both bütün and tüm can be translated into English as all or whole.

However, while they are often used interchangeably, there can be some subtle differences in usage and nuance between the two words. Bütün can sometimes imply a more collective or integral sense, referring to the whole of something, whereas tüm can sometimes be used in a more distributive sense, referring to all individual members of a group.

All the students are lazy.
Bütün öğrenciler tembel.
I cleaned the whole house.
Bütün evi temizledim.
all, the whole (of)
tüm

Both bütün and tüm can be translated into English as all or whole.

However, while they are often used interchangeably, there can be some subtle differences in usage and nuance between the two words. Bütün can sometimes imply a more collective or integral sense, referring to the whole of something, whereas tüm can sometimes be used in a more distributive sense, referring to all individual members of a group.

I loved all the meals.
Tüm yemekleri çok sevdim.
concert
konser
to watch
izlemek
I watched the whole concert.
Tüm konseri izledim
whichwhen interrogating
hangi
the same
aynı
The same man looked at me.
Aynı adam bana baktı.
the otherD
diğer

Diğer is the most general term for other and can be used in a wide range of contexts. It can refer to both people and things.

Where is the other lawyer?
Diğer avukat nerede?
the other; the one on the other side
öbür

Öbür is often used in pairs or in situations where there are only two options. It's more colloquial and less formal than diğer.

My mother is in the other room.
Öbür odada annem var.
the other; the one on the other side
öteki

Öteki can imply a sense of distance, either physically or metaphorically. It's often used to differentiate between two objects or to refer to someone who is not present at the moment.

Who is in the other room?
Öteki odada kim var?
I see the other side.
Öteki tarafı görüyorum.
Let's cross to the other side.
Öteki tarafa geçelim.
first, initialİ
ilk
I know that stupid man.
O aptal adamı tanıyorum.
I bought the first book.
İlk kitabı aldım.
last, recent, final, latest
son
We will not come to the last class.
Son derse gelmeyeceğiz.

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