Learn Turkish: Hava eksi otuz derece, güneş doğmazsa üşürüz. - The weather is minus thirty degrees, if the sun doesn't rise we will get cold.

The verb doğmak literally means to be born. In Turkish, celestial bodies like the sun and moon are considered to be born when they rise. To say they set, you use the verb batmak, which means to sink.

Why does doğmazsa use the negative aorist tense before the conditional suffix?

For realistic, open conditions in the present or future, Turkish typically attaches the conditional suffix -sa or -se to the aorist tense. Using the negative aorist here in doğmazsa sets up a standard, highly possible cause-and-effect scenario for the weather.

Why does the main clause use the aorist tense üşürüz instead of the future tense üşüyeceğiz?

In conditional sentences, using the aorist in the result clause expresses a natural, almost inevitable consequence. It states a guaranteed fact based on the condition, whereas the future tense would sound more like an isolated prediction rather than a general truth about freezing temperatures.

Could we use the word soğuk instead of üşürüz to say we will get cold?

No, you must use the verb üşümek. In Turkish, üşümek is specifically used to describe living things feeling cold. The word soğuk is an adjective used only for the weather, places, or objects, which is why it applies to the air but not to our bodies.