Breakdown of Tutup zavallı kadını küstahça ayıpladılar.
kadın
woman
zavallı
poor / pitiful (unfortunate)
tutup
go and / audaciously (converb)
küstahça
arrogantly / insolently
Questions & Answers about Tutup zavallı kadını küstahça ayıpladılar.
How does tutup mean 'they went and' here when tutmak usually means 'to hold'?
In this structure, tutup (using the -(y)ıp suffix) loses its literal meaning of holding. Instead, it acts as a converb that expresses an unexpected, audacious, or baffling action. It is used just like the English phrase 'went and' to show surprise or disapproval at the main action that follows.
How does the suffix -ça change the word küstah in this sentence?
The word küstah is an adjective meaning 'arrogant' or 'insolent'. By adding the -ca / -ce / -ça / -çe suffix (taking the form -ça here due to consonant mutation and vowel harmony), it transforms the adjective into an adverb of manner. So, küstahça translates directly to 'arrogantly'.
Is the verb ayıpladılar formed from the common noun ayıp?
Exactly. The noun ayıp means 'shame' or 'disgrace'. You can create verbs from many nouns using the -la / -le suffix. Here, ayıp becomes ayıplamak, meaning 'to condemn' or 'to reproach'. We then add the past tense -dı and the plural -lar to get 'they condemned'.
Why does kadın have the -ı suffix on the end?