Learn Turkish: Geçen yıldan beri evrensel müzik dinliyorum. - I have been listening to universal music since last year.

The suffix -sal / -sel creates a relational adjective from a noun, meaning "related to" or "pertaining to." Here, it attaches to the noun evren (universe) to create evrensel (universal).

Why is the present continuous tense (dinliyorum) used to mean "I have been listening"?

In English, we use the present perfect continuous for an action that started in the past and is still ongoing. Turkish doesn't have a direct equivalent for this tense. Instead, when you combine a time phrase like -dan beri (since) with an ongoing action, you simply use the present continuous tense (-iyor).

Is geçen just a standard vocabulary word for "last"?

It is commonly used to mean "last" in time expressions like geçen yıl (last year) or geçen hafta (last week), but grammatically it is the present participle of the verb geçmek (to pass). Literally, it translates to "the passing year" or "the year that just passed."

Why does yıl take the -dan suffix here?

The postposition beri (since) always requires the preceding word to be in the ablative case (the "from" case, -dan / -den). To say "since last year," you must combine them as geçen yıldan beri.