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Binanın ruhsatının sahte olduğunu fark ettiler.

Binanın ruhsatının sahte olduğunu fark ettiler.
They noticed that the building's permit is fake.
From Lesson 348:Factive nominal clauses (olduğu)·Turkish

Breakdown of Binanın ruhsatının sahte olduğunu fark ettiler.

bina
building
olmak
to be
fark etmek
to notice
sahte
fake
ruhsat
permit

Questions & Answers about Binanın ruhsatının sahte olduğunu fark ettiler.

Why do we need olduğunu after sahte?
The inner sentence here is 'the permit is fake' (ruhsat sahte), which has no action verb. To turn this into a 'that' clause (the fact that it is fake), we must use the helper verb olmak combined with the -dık / -duğ- suffix.
Why is there a double genitive chain in Binanın ruhsatının?
This is a nested possessive structure. First, we form 'the building's permit' (bina-nın ruhsat-ı). Then, because this entire phrase is the subject of the -dık clause, it needs its own genitive marker (-nın) to link grammatically to the possessive ending on olduğu.
Why does olduğu end with the accusative suffix -nu?
The main verb fark etmek (to notice) takes a specific direct object. The entire clause 'that the permit is fake' is the object being noticed, so the accusative case -nu is added to olduğu to mark it as the direct object.
Why is fark ettiler written as two separate words?
Compound verbs made of a noun and a helper verb like etmek are written separately unless the noun undergoes a sound change (like a dropped vowel or doubled consonant). Because fark doesn't change its spelling, it remains a separate word from ettiler.

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