Breakdown of Çöp tenekesi düşmüşse köpek tekrar havlamaya başlar.
köpek
dog
başlamak
to begin, to start
düşmek
to fall
çöp
garbage
Questions & Answers about Çöp tenekesi düşmüşse köpek tekrar havlamaya başlar.
What is the difference between saying düşmüşse and düştüyse here?
düşmüşse uses the inferential past (-müş) combined with the conditional (-se). It translates to "If it has fallen (as I am guessing/deducing)." The speaker likely heard a crash but didn't actually see the can fall. If you used düştüyse (direct past conditional), it would imply you personally witnessed it fall or it is already an established fact.
Why does havlamaya have a -ya at the end?
This happens because of the verb başlamak (to start), which always requires the action you are starting to be in the dative case (direction towards something, usually -(y)a or -(y)e). First, havla (bark) gets the -ma suffix to become a verbal noun (havlama, meaning "barking"). Then, the buffer -y- and the dative -a are added to connect it to başlar, resulting in havlamaya (literally "to the barking").
The English translation says "will start", but başlar is in the aorist (simple present) tense. Why not use the future tense başlayacak?
In Turkish conditional sentences, the aorist tense (-r, -ar, -er) is very commonly used in the main clause to express natural consequences, typical reactions, or strong predictions. By using başlar, the speaker implies this is just what the dog predictably does. While başlayacak is grammatically fine, başlar sounds more natural for this kind of "if A happens, B naturally follows" statement.