Breakdown of Kırılmaz camı ısıtmadan test ettiler.
cam
glass (material) / window
ısıtmak
to heat up
kırılmak
to get hurt emotionally / to break (intransitive)
test etmek
to test
Questions & Answers about Kırılmaz camı ısıtmadan test ettiler.
How does the word kırılmaz function in this sentence?
It uses the negative aorist suffix -maz attached to the verb kırılmak (to be broken). When placed directly in front of the noun cam (glass), it acts as an adjective describing what kind of glass it is. It literally means 'does not break', which translates nicely to 'unbreakable'.
Does the base verb inside kırılmaz already have a passive meaning?
Yes. The root verb is kırmak (to break something). The -ıl suffix makes it passive, creating kırılmak (to be broken). Adding the negative aorist -maz then gives us an adjective for something that cannot be broken.
Why does the word cam have the -ı suffix to become camı?
The glass is the specific, direct object of the verb test ettiler (they tested). Because they are testing a specific unbreakable glass, we must add the definite accusative case suffix -ı.
What suffix creates the meaning 'without heating' in ısıtmadan?
The suffix -madan (which can also be -meden depending on vowel harmony) is attached to the verb root ısıt- (to heat). This suffix turns the verb into an adverb meaning 'without doing' the action.