Learn Turkish: İşletme, borçlarını ödemediğinden dolayı iflas etti. - The business went bankrupt because it did not pay its debts.

This uses the causal clause structure from this lesson. We take the negative verb root ödeme- (not to pay), add the participle suffix -dik (which softens to -diğ), the 3rd person possessive -in (its), and the ablative case -den (from). The postposition dolayı means "due to". Literally, it translates to "due to its not-paying".

Can I drop dolayı from this sentence and just say ödemediğinden?

Yes, you can! In Turkish, the ablative suffix (-den / -dan) attached to a -dik clause can express "because" all by itself. Adding dolayı just emphasizes the "due to" meaning and makes it sound a bit more formal, but ödemediğinden iflas etti is perfectly correct and common.

Why are there two -ı suffixes at the end of borçlarını?

The word breaks down as borç (debt) + -lar (plural) + -ı (possessive "its") + -n- (buffer letter) + -ı (accusative case). The final accusative suffix is required because the debts are the specific direct object of the verb ödemek (to pay).

Why doesn't the ç in borçlarını soften to a c?