Learn Turkish: Çocuk kabustan terlemeden uyanır. - The child wakes up from the nightmare without sweating.

This is the negative adverb form we are focusing on in this lesson. We take the verb root terle- (from terlemek, to sweat) and add -meden. The -mAdAn suffix translates to "without doing [verb]" and tells us exactly how an action happens.

Why is it kabustan instead of kabusdan?

The word kabus (nightmare) ends in s, which is a voiceless consonant. Because of Turkish consonant harmony (often remembered by the letters in "Fıstıkçı Şahap"), the "from" suffix -dan must harden to -tan to match.

I see the word ter in terlemeden. Is that the noun for "sweat"?

Yes, exactly! Ter is the noun for "sweat". By adding the suffix -le, it becomes the verb terlemek (to sweat). From there, we drop the -mek and add -meden to get "without sweating".

Could I say uyanıyor instead of uyanır here?

You could, but it changes the meaning slightly. Uyanır uses the simple present tense (the aorist) with the suffix -ır, which means "wakes up" as a general habit or characteristic fact. If you used uyanıyor (present continuous), it would mean the child "is waking up" right at this very moment.