Learn Turkish: Sandığa gitmeyen memur ceza alıyor. - The officer who does not go to the ballot box gets a punishment.

It is built from the verb root git (go), the negative suffix -me, the buffer letter -y-, and the subject participle -en (who/which does). Because it acts like an adjective, it goes right before memur to mean "the officer who does not go".

Why is the word for ballot box written as sandığa with a ğ?

The dictionary word for box or ballot box is sandık. Because we are saying "to the ballot box", we add the dative direction ending -a. Adding a vowel causes the hard k at the end of sandık to soften into a ğ, which is a common spelling rule called consonant mutation.

Why does the phrase sandığa gitmeyen come before memur?

In English, we put "who does not go" after the noun ("the officer who..."). In Turkish, relative clauses act like adjectives, and adjectives always come before the noun they describe. So the sentence literally flows as "the to-the-ballot-box not-going officer".

Why use the continuous tense in alıyor (is getting) if this describes a general rule?