Breakdown of Patron erken çıkmaya izin verdi.
erken
early
çıkmak
to go out / to leave / to exit / to break out / to arise (of a storm)
patron
boss
izin vermek
to allow
Questions & Answers about Patron erken çıkmaya izin verdi.
Why is it çıkmaya and not just çıkmak?
To say 'permission to leave', Turkish uses the short verbal noun çıkma (leaving) instead of the full dictionary verb çıkmak. Because the verb phrase izin vermek (to give permission) requires the dative case (showing direction 'to' an action), we add the buffer letter -y- and the dative suffix -a, making it çıkmaya.
How do I know when to use the -maya / -meye ending on a verb?
You use it when the main verb of the sentence requires the dative case. Verbs like izin vermek (to give permission to), başlamak (to start to), and karar vermek (to decide to) all point 'towards' an action. You simply take the verb root, add -ma or -me, and then attach -ya or -ye.
Does çıkmak always mean 'to leave'? I learned it as 'to go out' or 'to go up'.
çıkmak is a very flexible verb. While it literally means 'to go out' or 'to exit', in a workplace, party, or school context, çıkmak is the standard, natural way to say 'to leave'. So erken çıkmak simply means 'to leave early'.
Why is izin verdi two words instead of one?
izin vermek is a compound verb made of the noun izin (permission) and the helper verb vermek (to give). In Turkish, many actions are expressed by combining a noun with a helper verb like vermek or etmek. Here, it translates literally as 'gave permission'.
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