Learn Turkish: Kararı başkan veriyor. - The chairman is making the decision.

The -ı at the end marks the specific direct object (the accusative case). Because it's "the decision" (a specific one), it gets this ending. If you wanted to ask "What (specifically) is the chairman making?", you would use the question word from this lesson: Başkan neyi veriyor?

Why does karar take the -ı ending specifically, and not -i or -u?

This is a quick reminder of 4-way vowel harmony. Look at the last vowel in karar, which is an a. According to the harmony rules, words whose last vowel is a or ı will take an ı for this suffix.

Why do we use veriyor (is giving) when the English translation says "is making"?

In English you "make" a decision, but in Turkish you "give" a decision. The standard phrase is karar vermek. So literally, the sentence says "The chairman is giving the decision."

Why is the object (kararı) at the beginning of the sentence instead of the subject (başkan)?