Learn Turkish: Otobüs durağa geliyor. - The bus is coming to the bus stop.

This is a perfect example of consonant mutation! The dictionary word for "stop" is durak. When we add the suffix -a to mean "to the stop," the hard k at the end softens to a ğ (soft g) because it is now followed by a vowel suffix. So, durak + -a smoothly becomes durağa.

Why do we add the -a suffix to durak in the first place?

The verb gelmek (to come) implies movement toward a destination. In Turkish, you show this direction by using the dative case, which attaches -a or -e to the destination word. Since the last vowel in durak is "a" (a back vowel), vowel harmony rules tell us to use -a, which translates to "to the stop."

The translation says "to the bus stop", but the Turkish only says "otobüs durağa". Why isn't it "otobüs durağına"?

You definitely can say otobüs durağına if you want to explicitly use the full compound noun for "bus stop." However, since the subject of the sentence is already otobüs (the bus), Turkish speakers often keep it simple and just say durağa (to the stop). The context makes it perfectly obvious which stop it is coming to.

Why doesn't geliyor have a personal ending at the end, like "-um" or "-sun"?