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Questions & Answers about O şimdi düşünüyor.
How is the present continuous tense formed in düşünüyor?
The verb root is düşün (think), which ends in a consonant. To add the present continuous suffix, we first need a matching vowel. Since the last vowel in the root is 'ü', Turkish vowel harmony rules tell us to use 'ü'. Then we add -yor, giving us düşünüyor.
How do we know O means 'he' and not 'she'?
We don't! Turkish pronouns are gender-neutral, so O can mean 'he', 'she', or 'it'. The translation says 'he' here, but without more context, 'She is thinking now' is an equally correct translation.
Why doesn't the sentence have a word for 'is'?
In Turkish, the present continuous suffix -üyor contains all the meaning you need. It translates to both the 'is' and the '-ing' part of 'is thinking'. You never need a separate word for 'am', 'is', or 'are' when using this tense.
Why does şimdi go in the middle of the sentence instead of at the end like in English?
Turkish usually follows a Subject-Object-Verb word order. The verb düşünüyor must go at the end. Time words like şimdi (now) generally come right after the subject, making O şimdi düşünüyor the most natural and standard order.